test(wasm): the cases the review found

WasmBuildRefusals checks that -flto in compileFlags and in linkFlags,
-fno-exceptions and a shared library are each refused with their
cause, and that none of them leaves bin/ or build/ behind. With the
check disabled, each of them failed on a missing std.cppm instead,
after the build directories had been made.

WasiSysrootWithoutExceptions also takes its sysroot through missing
and without the target's directory, each with a message of its own,
checks that a refused build leaves nothing behind, and that a static
library passes without libunwind.

WasmExceptions catches an exception thrown inside libc++.a (stoi).
vector::at throws from a header compiled into the fixture, so the
fixture also passed against the libc++ built without exceptions. Its C
source uses setjmp, which the old C flags did not compile. An
exception that escapes main has to end the run as wasmtime's uncaught
exception, where any nonzero exit used to pass, a trap or a timeout
included.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

project.cpp

@@ -271,6 +271,7 @@ extern "C" Configuration CrafterBuildProject(std::span<const std::string_view> a
         cfg.AddTest("WasmHelloRuns").Dependencies({ CrafterBuildLib.get() });
         cfg.AddTest("WasmExceptions").Dependencies({ CrafterBuildLib.get() });
         cfg.AddTest("WasiSysrootWithoutExceptions").Dependencies({ CrafterBuildLib.get() });
+        cfg.AddTest("WasmBuildRefusals").Dependencies({ CrafterBuildLib.get() });
         cfg.AddTest("RunSingleTestExit").Dependencies({ CrafterBuildLib.get() });
         // LoadProject dlopens the synthesized project.so, which references
         // Crafter:: symbols (HostTarget, Configuration ctors) that have to be

tests/WasiSysrootWithoutExceptions/main.cpp

@@ -12,16 +12,20 @@ using namespace Crafter;
 // a sysroot that lacks them (an older wasi-sdk, one built without its
 // exceptions option) otherwise compiles and then fails the first link with
 // "unable to find library -lunwind", which does not say why it was asked
-// for. The check runs before the std module is built, so the first case
-// needs no working wasm toolchain.
+// for. A sysroot that is not there at all, or has nothing for the target,
+// gets a message of its own rather than that one. The checks run before
+// anything is made, so a refused build leaves no bin/ behind, and they need
+// no working wasm toolchain.
 //
-// A scratch sysroot is taken through three states: no libunwind; libunwind
-// under eh/; libunwind in the triple's own directory, which the driver
-// searches after eh/. The last two pass the check and fail later on the
-// sysroot's empty std module source, which is not what is under test. The
-// cache is redirected into the scratch directory as well: the std PCM cache
-// is not keyed on the sysroot, and a PCM built from the fake source must not
-// land where the real wasm tests read theirs.
+// A scratch sysroot is taken through these states: missing; without
+// lib/wasm32-wasip1; without libunwind, for an executable and for a static
+// library, which links nothing and passes; with libunwind under eh/; with
+// libunwind in the triple's own directory, which the driver searches after
+// eh/. The cases that pass the check fail later on the sysroot's empty std
+// module source, which is not what is under test. The cache is redirected
+// into the scratch directory as well: the std PCM cache is not keyed on the
+// sysroot, and a PCM built from the fake source must not land where the real
+// wasm tests read theirs.
 
 extern "C" int setenv(const char* name, const char* value, int overwrite);
 
@@ -35,14 +39,14 @@ namespace {
         }
     }
 
-    BuildResult BuildAgainst(const fs::path& project, const fs::path& sysroot) {
+    BuildResult BuildAgainst(const fs::path& project, const fs::path& sysroot, ConfigurationType type = ConfigurationType::Executable) {
         Configuration app;
         app.path = project;
         app.name = "hello";
         app.outputName = "hello";
         app.target = "wasm32-wasip1";
         app.sysroot = sysroot.string();
-        app.type = ConfigurationType::Executable;
+        app.type = type;
         std::array<fs::path, 0> ifaces = {};
         std::array<fs::path, 1> impls = { "main" };
         app.GetInterfacesAndImplementations(ifaces, impls);
@@ -68,16 +72,27 @@ int main() {
 
     const fs::path sysroot = scratch / "sysroot";
     const fs::path libDir = sysroot / "lib" / "wasm32-wasip1";
-    fs::create_directories(libDir / "eh");
+    {
+        const BuildResult r = BuildAgainst(project, sysroot);
+        Check(r.result.contains(std::format("no WASI sysroot at {}", sysroot.string())), std::format("a missing sysroot is named as missing: {}", r.result));
+    }
+
     fs::create_directories(sysroot / "share" / "libc++" / "v1");
     std::ofstream(sysroot / "share" / "libc++" / "v1" / "std.cppm");
+    {
+        const BuildResult r = BuildAgainst(project, sysroot);
+        Check(r.result.contains(std::format("has nothing for wasm32-wasip1 (no {})", libDir.string())), std::format("a sysroot without the target's directory says so: {}", r.result));
+    }
 
+    fs::create_directories(libDir / "eh");
     constexpr std::string_view missing = "has no C++ exception support";
     {
         const BuildResult r = BuildAgainst(project, sysroot);
         Check(r.result.contains(missing), std::format("without libunwind the build stops on the sysroot: {}", r.result));
         Check(r.result.contains((libDir / "eh" / "libunwind.a").string()), std::format("the message names the library it looked for: {}", r.result));
+        Check(!fs::exists(project / "bin") && !fs::exists(project / "build"), "a refused build leaves no bin/ or build/ behind");
     }
+    Check(!BuildAgainst(project, sysroot, ConfigurationType::LibraryStatic).result.contains(missing), "a static library links nothing and passes without libunwind");
 
     std::ofstream(libDir / "eh" / "libunwind.a");
     Check(!BuildAgainst(project, sysroot).result.contains(missing), "libunwind under eh/ passes the check");

tests/WasmBuildRefusals/fixture/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 Catcrafts®
+
+int main() {
+    return 0;
+}

tests/WasmBuildRefusals/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 Catcrafts®
+
+import std;
+import Crafter.Build;
+namespace fs = std::filesystem;
+using namespace Crafter;
+
+// What a wasm32 build refuses before it starts, now that every wasm unit has
+// C++ exceptions, each with a message naming the cause:
+//   - -flto in compileFlags or linkFlags. LTO code generation drops the
+//     exception handling, and the build used to succeed with every throw
+//     escaping its catch (WebAssembly/wasi-sdk#629).
+//   - -fno-exceptions. The std module is built with exceptions, and every
+//     `import std;` failed on a BMI configuration mismatch.
+//   - A shared library. The exception-enabled libc++ is static archives
+//     only, and the link failed on a relocation that wants -fPIC.
+// None of them leaves bin/ or build/ behind, and none needs a working wasm
+// toolchain. The sysroot given does not exist, so a refusal that did not
+// fire would show up as the missing sysroot instead.
+namespace {
+    std::int32_t failures = 0;
+
+    void Check(bool cond, std::string_view msg) {
+        if (!cond) {
+            std::println(std::cerr, "FAIL: {}", msg);
+            ++failures;
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct Refusal {
+        std::string_view what;
+        std::vector<std::string> compileFlags;
+        std::vector<std::string> linkFlags;
+        ConfigurationType type;
+        std::string_view expected;
+    };
+}
+
+int main() {
+    // Build() reports a missing compiler before it gets to any of this.
+    if (const Toolchain& tc = GetToolchain(); !tc.error.empty()) {
+        std::println(std::cerr, "SKIP: {}", tc.error);
+        return 77;
+    }
+
+    const fs::path scratch = fs::temp_directory_path() / "crafter-build-wasm-build-refusals";
+    fs::remove_all(scratch);
+    fs::create_directories(scratch);
+    const fs::path project = scratch / "project";
+    fs::copy(fs::current_path() / "tests" / "WasmBuildRefusals" / "fixture", project, fs::copy_options::recursive);
+
+    const std::array refusals = {
+        Refusal{ "-flto in compileFlags", { "-flto=thin" }, {}, ConfigurationType::Executable, "-flto=thin is not supported on wasm32: LTO code generation drops C++ exception handling" },
+        Refusal{ "-flto in linkFlags", {}, { "-flto" }, ConfigurationType::Executable, "-flto is not supported on wasm32" },
+        Refusal{ "-fno-exceptions", { "-fno-exceptions" }, {}, ConfigurationType::Executable, "-fno-exceptions is not supported on wasm32" },
+        Refusal{ "a shared library", {}, {}, ConfigurationType::LibraryDynamic, "wasm32 shared libraries are not supported" },
+    };
+    for (const Refusal& refusal : refusals) {
+        Configuration app;
+        app.path = project;
+        app.name = "hello";
+        app.outputName = "hello";
+        app.target = "wasm32-wasip1";
+        app.sysroot = (scratch / "no-sysroot").string();
+        app.type = refusal.type;
+        app.compileFlags = refusal.compileFlags;
+        app.linkFlags = refusal.linkFlags;
+        std::array<fs::path, 0> ifaces = {};
+        std::array<fs::path, 1> impls = { "main" };
+        app.GetInterfacesAndImplementations(ifaces, impls);
+        std::unordered_map<fs::path, std::shared_future<BuildResult>> depResults;
+        std::mutex depMutex;
+        const BuildResult r = Build(app, depResults, depMutex);
+        Check(r.result.contains(refusal.expected), std::format("{} is refused with its cause: {}", refusal.what, r.result));
+        Check(!fs::exists(project / "bin") && !fs::exists(project / "build"), std::format("refusing {} leaves no bin/ or build/ behind", refusal.what));
+    }
+
+    fs::remove_all(scratch);
+    if (failures > 0) {
+        std::println(std::cerr, "{} assertions failed", failures);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}

tests/WasmExceptions/fixture/jump.c

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (C) 2026 Catcrafts®
+
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+static jmp_buf target;
+
+static void JumpBack(int32_t value) {
+    longjmp(target, value);
+}
+
+// setjmp's value may only be compared or switched on, never stored.
+int32_t JumpRoundTrip(void) {
+    switch (setjmp(target)) {
+    case 0:
+        JumpBack(7);
+        return 0;
+    case 7:
+        return 7;
+    default:
+        return -1;
+    }
+}

tests/WasmExceptions/fixture/main.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 
 import std;
 
+// jump.c, compiled as C.
+extern "C" std::int32_t JumpRoundTrip();
+
 namespace {
     std::int32_t unwound = 0;
 
@@ -31,5 +34,13 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     } catch (const std::out_of_range&) {
         std::println("caught: out_of_range from libc++");
     }
+    // vector::at throws from a header, compiled into this unit; stoi throws
+    // inside libc++.a, which therefore has to be the exception-enabled one.
+    try {
+        std::println("unreachable: {}", std::stoi("not a number"));
+    } catch (const std::invalid_argument&) {
+        std::println("caught: invalid_argument from inside libc++");
+    }
+    std::println("longjmp came back with {}", JumpRoundTrip());
     return 0;
 }

tests/WasmExceptions/main.cpp

@@ -8,17 +8,20 @@ using namespace Crafter;
 
 // C++ exceptions in a wasm build, run under wasmtime: the fixture throws
 // through frames whose destructors have to run, catches the exception,
-// catches one that libc++ throws itself (vector::at), and with an argument
-// lets one escape main, which has to fail the run rather than exit 0.
+// catches one from a libc++ header (vector::at) and one thrown inside
+// libc++.a itself (stoi), and with an argument lets one escape main, which
+// has to end the run as an uncaught exception rather than exit 0, trap or
+// hang. Its C source uses setjmp, which compiles and links next to the C++
+// objects only when C gets the same wasm flags.
 //
 // wasm builds used to be compiled with -fno-exceptions, so a throw did not
 // compile and libc++'s own throws aborted. Each part of turning them on fails
 // in its own way, and this is the test that sees it: a std module or a unit
 // built without exceptions (clang rejects the BMI), a link without libunwind
-// (undefined __cpp_exception), or LLVM's default legacy encoding, which
-// wasmtime refuses to load. Skips like WasmHelloRuns when there is no
-// exception-enabled WASI sysroot or no wasmtime; inside the Flatpak both are
-// bundled.
+// (undefined __cpp_exception), the libc++ built without exceptions (stoi
+// aborts), or LLVM's default legacy encoding, which wasmtime refuses to load.
+// Skips like WasmHelloRuns when there is no exception-enabled WASI sysroot or
+// no wasmtime; inside the Flatpak both are bundled.
 namespace {
     std::int32_t failures = 0;
 
@@ -51,6 +54,10 @@ int main() {
     std::array<fs::path, 0> ifaces = {};
     std::array<fs::path, 1> impls = { "main" };
     cfg.GetInterfacesAndImplementations(ifaces, impls);
+    cfg.cFiles = { cfg.path / "jump" };
+    // setjmp and longjmp live in libsetjmp, which the build does not link
+    // on its own.
+    cfg.linkFlags.push_back("-lsetjmp");
 
     std::unordered_map<fs::path, std::shared_future<BuildResult>> depResults;
     std::mutex depMutex;
@@ -64,10 +71,12 @@ int main() {
     const auto caught = RunCommandWithTimeout(std::format("wasmtime {}", wasm.string()), std::chrono::seconds(60));
     Check(caught.exitCode == 0, std::format("the run that catches everything exits 0 (exit {}): {}", caught.exitCode, caught.output));
     Check(caught.output.contains("caught: thrown in wasm after 4 destructors"), std::format("the exception is caught after unwinding all four frames: {}", caught.output));
-    Check(caught.output.contains("caught: out_of_range from libc++"), std::format("libc++'s own exception is catchable: {}", caught.output));
+    Check(caught.output.contains("caught: out_of_range from libc++"), std::format("an exception from a libc++ header is catchable: {}", caught.output));
+    Check(caught.output.contains("caught: invalid_argument from inside libc++"), std::format("an exception from inside libc++.a is catchable: {}", caught.output));
+    Check(caught.output.contains("longjmp came back with 7"), std::format("setjmp in a C source works next to the C++ objects: {}", caught.output));
 
     const auto escaped = RunCommandWithTimeout(std::format("wasmtime {} uncaught", wasm.string()), std::chrono::seconds(60));
-    Check(escaped.exitCode != 0, std::format("an exception escaping main fails the run: {}", escaped.output));
+    Check(escaped.exitCode != 0 && !escaped.timedOut && !escaped.crashed && escaped.output.contains("thrown Wasm exception"), std::format("an exception escaping main ends the run as an uncaught exception (exit {}): {}", escaped.exitCode, escaped.output));
 
     if (failures > 0) {
         std::println(std::cerr, "{} assertions failed", failures);