catcrafts.net/server/implementations/main.cpp

/*
catcrafts.net
Copyright (C) 2026 Catcrafts

The source code of this website is made available for viewing purposes only.
No permission is granted to copy, modify, distribute, or create derivative works.
*/

// catcrafts-server — the native product.
//
// Serves the server-rendered pages (crawlers and no-JS clients get real HTML),
// runs the shop — orders, the bunq payment rail, the reconciler — and doubles
// as the test harness for Catcrafts.Shared.
//
// The harness half is not filler. Catcrafts.Shared is the security boundary
// for every piece of markup the site emits, and it is target-neutral precisely
// so it can be tested somewhere with a debugger, sanitizers and a normal test
// loop instead of only inside a wasm module in a browser tab. `--selftest`
// is how the shared code gets executed rather than merely compiled.
//
//   crafter-build -- --product=server && ./bin/Catcrafts.Server-*/catcrafts-server --selftest

import std;
import Catcrafts.Shared;
import Catcrafts.Server;

using namespace Catcrafts;

namespace {

int failures = 0;

void Check(bool ok, std::string_view what, std::string_view got = {}) {
    if (ok) return;
    ++failures;
    std::println(std::cerr, "FAIL: {}{}{}", what,
                 got.empty() ? "" : "  got: ", got);
}

void CheckEq(const Html::SafeHtml& actual, std::string_view expected, std::string_view what) {
    Check(actual.View() == expected, what, actual.View());
}

void RunSelfTest() {
    using namespace Catcrafts::Html;

    // ── Escape ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    CheckEq(Escape("plain"), "plain", "escape: passthrough");
    CheckEq(Escape("a<b"), "a&lt;b", "escape: lt");
    CheckEq(Escape("a>b"), "a&gt;b", "escape: gt");
    CheckEq(Escape("a&b"), "a&amp;b", "escape: amp");
    CheckEq(Escape("say \"hi\""), "say &quot;hi&quot;", "escape: dquote");
    CheckEq(Escape("it's"), "it&#39;s", "escape: squote");
    // Ampersand must be escaped first or the other replacements get
    // double-encoded; a single pass makes that ordering bug impossible.
    CheckEq(Escape("&lt;"), "&amp;lt;", "escape: no double-encode");
    CheckEq(Escape("<script>alert(1)</script>"),
            "&lt;script&gt;alert(1)&lt;/script&gt;", "escape: script tag");
    // Non-ASCII passes through untouched — the output is UTF-8, and
    // entity-encoding it would just bloat the page.
    CheckEq(Escape("café ✓ 日本"), "café ✓ 日本", "escape: utf-8 passthrough");
    CheckEq(Escape(""), "", "escape: empty");

    // ── Num ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    CheckEq(Num(0), "0", "num: zero");
    CheckEq(Num(-42), "-42", "num: negative");
    CheckEq(Num(9007199254740993LL), "9007199254740993", "num: beyond double precision");

    // ── Attr ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    CheckEq(Attr("class", "card"), " class=\"card\"", "attr: basic");
    CheckEq(Attr("data-x", "a\"b"), " data-x=\"a&quot;b\"", "attr: value escaped");
    CheckEq(Attr("class", ""), "", "attr: empty value omits attribute");
    // An invalid name is a programming error, not user data. Emitting
    // nothing is safer than emitting mangled markup.
    CheckEq(Attr("on error", "x"), "", "attr: invalid name rejected");
    CheckEq(Attr("x><script", "y"), "", "attr: name cannot break out");

    // ── Url ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    CheckEq(Url("href", "/shop/thing"), " href=\"/shop/thing\"", "url: site-relative");
    CheckEq(Url("href", "https://a.example/x"), " href=\"https://a.example/x\"", "url: https");
    CheckEq(Url("href", "mailto:a@b.example"), " href=\"mailto:a@b.example\"", "url: mailto");
    CheckEq(Url("href", "#reviews"), " href=\"#reviews\"", "url: fragment");
    // Escaping alone would NOT make these safe: they contain no character
    // that needs escaping, so only a scheme allowlist stops them.
    CheckEq(Url("href", "javascript:alert(1)"), " href=\"#\"", "url: javascript: neutralised");
    CheckEq(Url("href", "JaVaScRiPt:alert(1)"), " href=\"#\"", "url: case-insensitive");
    CheckEq(Url("href", "data:text/html,<script>"), " href=\"#\"", "url: data: neutralised");
    // Browsers strip control characters before resolving the scheme, so a
    // naive prefix check would pass this straight through.
    CheckEq(Url("href", "java\tscript:alert(1)"), " href=\"#\"", "url: embedded tab");
    CheckEq(Url("href", "  javascript:alert(1)"), " href=\"#\"", "url: leading space");
    CheckEq(Url("href", "//evil.example/x"), " href=\"#\"", "url: protocol-relative blocked");
    CheckEq(Url("href", "vbscript:x"), " href=\"#\"", "url: vbscript neutralised");

    // ── Format ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    // The compile-time half of this guarantee (raw std::string rejected) is
    // verified by the build itself — see the negative test in the notes.
    CheckEq(Format("<h2>{}</h2>", Escape("a<b")), "<h2>a&lt;b</h2>", "format: escapes flow through");
    CheckEq(Format("<a{}>{}</a>", Url("href", "/x"), Escape("go")),
            "<a href=\"/x\">go</a>", "format: attr + text");
    CheckEq(Format("{}{}", Num(1), Num(2)), "12", "format: multiple args");
    CheckEq(Format("literal"), "literal", "format: no args");
    CheckEq(Format("{{literal braces}}"), "{literal braces}", "format: brace escaping");

    // ── Join / concat ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
    const std::array<Html::SafeHtml, 3> parts{ Escape("a"), Escape("b"), Escape("c") };
    CheckEq(Join(parts, Raw(", ")), "a, b, c", "join: separator");
    CheckEq(Join(std::span<const Html::SafeHtml>{}), "", "join: empty");
    CheckEq(Escape("a") + Escape("<"), "a&lt;", "operator+: escapes preserved");
}

void RunJsonSelfTest() {
    using namespace Catcrafts::Json;

    auto ok = [](std::string_view text) { return Parse(text).has_value(); };
    auto bad = [](std::string_view text) { return !Parse(text).has_value(); };

    // ── shapes ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    Check(ok("{}"), "json: empty object");
    Check(ok("[]"), "json: empty array");
    Check(ok(" \n\t {\"a\": 1} \n "), "json: surrounding whitespace");
    Check(ok("[1,2,3]"), "json: number array");
    Check(ok("{\"a\":{\"b\":[true,false,null]}}"), "json: nesting");

    // ── malformed input must be rejected, not partially accepted ──────
    Check(bad("{"), "json: unterminated object");
    Check(bad("[1,]"), "json: trailing comma");
    Check(bad("{\"a\":1,}"), "json: trailing comma in object");
    Check(bad("{'a':1}"), "json: single quotes");
    Check(bad("\"unterminated"), "json: unterminated string");
    Check(bad("{\"a\" 1}"), "json: missing colon");
    Check(bad("nul"), "json: bad literal");
    Check(bad("{} garbage"), "json: trailing content rejected");
    Check(bad("[1,2] [3]"), "json: concatenated documents rejected");
    Check(bad("\"raw\nnewline\""), "json: control char in string");
    Check(bad("01"), "json: leading zero");
    Check(bad("+1"), "json: leading plus");
    Check(bad("1."), "json: trailing decimal point");
    Check(bad(".5"), "json: bare fraction");
    Check(bad("1e"), "json: empty exponent");
    Check(bad("1e+"), "json: exponent sign with no digits");
    Check(bad("-"), "json: lone minus");
    Check(bad("1e400"), "json: out of double range");
    Check(ok("0"), "json: zero");
    Check(ok("-0"), "json: negative zero");
    Check(ok("0.5"), "json: leading zero with fraction");
    Check(ok("-1.5e-3"), "json: full number grammar");
    Check(ok("1E+2"), "json: capital exponent");
    Check(bad(""), "json: empty input");

    // ── string decoding ───────────────────────────────────────────────
    auto strOf = [](std::string_view doc) -> std::string {
        auto v = Parse(doc);
        if (!v || !v->IsObject()) return "<parse-failed>";
        return std::string(v->Str("k"));
    };
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"a\"b"})") == "a\"b", "json: escaped quote");
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"a\\b"})") == "a\\b", "json: escaped backslash");
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"a\nb"})") == "a\nb", "json: newline escape");
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"A"})") == "A", "json: \\u ascii");
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"é"})") == "é", "json: \\u latin-1");
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"日"})") == "日", "json: \\u BMP");
    // Astral plane arrives as a UTF-16 surrogate pair. Encoding each half
    // separately yields invalid UTF-8 — emoji in Lemmy post titles are
    // exactly this case, so it has to be combined.
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"😺"})") == "\U0001F63A", "json: surrogate pair -> emoji");
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"\ud83d"})") == "<EFBFBD>", "json: lone high surrogate -> U+FFFD");
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"\ude3a"})") == "<EFBFBD>", "json: lone low surrogate -> U+FFFD");
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"raw é ✓"})") == "raw é ✓", "json: raw utf-8 passthrough");

    // ── accessors ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    auto doc = Parse(R"({"s":"x","n":42,"neg":-7,"b":true,"nul":null})");
    Check(doc.has_value(), "json: accessor doc parses");
    if (doc) {
        Check(doc->Str("s") == "x", "json: Str");
        Check(doc->Int("n") == 42, "json: Int");
        Check(doc->Int("neg") == -7, "json: Int negative");
        Check(doc->Bool("b"), "json: Bool");
        Check(doc->Str("missing", "fallback") == "fallback", "json: Str fallback");
        Check(doc->Int("missing", 99) == 99, "json: Int fallback");
        // Wrong-typed field falls back rather than reinterpreting.
        Check(doc->Int("s", 5) == 5, "json: type mismatch falls back");
        Check(doc->Find("missing") == nullptr, "json: Find absent");
        Check(doc->Find("nul") != nullptr && doc->Find("nul")->IsNull(),
              "json: present-null distinguishable from absent");
    }

    // ── depth guard ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
    std::string deep(200, '[');
    Check(bad(deep), "json: deep nesting rejected, not stack overflow");
}

void RunFormSelfTest() {
    using namespace Catcrafts::Form;

    // ── urlencoded parsing ────────────────────────────────────────────
    auto parse = [](std::string_view b) { return ParseUrlEncoded(b); };

    auto f = parse("email=a%40b.example&country=NL");
    Check(f.has_value(), "form: basic body parses");
    if (f) {
        Check(f->Get("email") == "a@b.example", "form: %40 decodes to @");
        Check(f->Get("country") == "NL", "form: second field");
        Check(f->Get("missing").empty(), "form: absent field is empty");
        Check(!f->Has("missing"), "form: Has() distinguishes absent");
    }
    Check(parse("a=1&&b=2")->Size() == 2, "form: empty segment tolerated");
    Check(parse("a=1&")->Size() == 1, "form: trailing & tolerated");
    Check(parse("flag")->Has("flag"), "form: valueless key present");
    Check(parse("")->Size() == 0, "form: empty body");
    Check(parse("q=hello+world")->Get("q") == "hello world", "form: + is space");
    Check(parse("q=a%2Bb")->Get("q") == "a+b", "form: %2B is a literal plus");
    Check(parse("n=caf%C3%A9")->Get("n") == "café", "form: utf-8 percent-decoding");
    Check(parse("n=100%")->Get("n") == "100%", "form: malformed escape passes through");
    Check(parse("n=%zz")->Get("n") == "%zz", "form: non-hex escape passes through");
    // A field name is not allowed to be empty — "=x" is malformed, not a field.
    Check(!parse("=x").has_value(), "form: empty field name rejected");
    // Oversized input must be refused outright rather than truncated: acting on
    // half a form is worse than refusing it.
    Check(!parse(std::string(kMaxBodyBytes + 1, 'a')).has_value(), "form: oversized body rejected");
    Check(!parse("a=" + std::string(kMaxFieldBytes + 1, 'x')).has_value(), "form: oversized field rejected");

    // ── email shape ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
    Check(LooksLikeEmail("a@b.example"), "email: minimal");
    Check(LooksLikeEmail("first.last+tag@sub.domain.example"), "email: tagged, subdomain");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("no-at-sign"), "email: no @");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("@domain.example"), "email: empty local part");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("user@"), "email: empty domain");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("a@b@c.example"), "email: two @");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("user@dotless"), "email: dotless domain");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("user@.example"), "email: domain starts with dot");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("a b@c.example"), "email: embedded space");
    // Header-injection characters must never survive into anything that later
    // builds an email envelope.
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("a@b.example\nBcc: x@y.example"), "email: newline rejected");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("a@b.example\r\nSubject: x"), "email: CRLF rejected");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("a,b@c.example"), "email: comma rejected");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("<a@b.example>"), "email: angle brackets rejected");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail(std::string(250, 'a') + "@b.example"), "email: over 254 chars rejected");

    // ── country code ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
    Check(LooksLikeCountryCode("NL"), "country: uppercase");
    Check(LooksLikeCountryCode("ca"), "country: lowercase accepted");
    Check(!LooksLikeCountryCode("NLD"), "country: three letters rejected");
    Check(!LooksLikeCountryCode("N"), "country: one letter rejected");
    Check(!LooksLikeCountryCode("N1"), "country: digit rejected");
    Check(!LooksLikeCountryCode(""), "country: empty rejected");
    Check(Upper("nl") == "NL", "country: normalised to upper");

    // ── trimming ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    Check(Trim("  x  ") == "x", "trim: spaces");
    Check(Trim("\t\r\nx\n") == "x", "trim: tabs and newlines");
    Check(Trim("   ").empty(), "trim: all whitespace");

    // ── checkout validation ───────────────────────────────────────────
    constexpr std::string_view kGoodOrder =
        "email=a%40b.example&name=Ada&street=Main%20St%201&postal=1234AB&city=Delft&country=nl";

    auto validate = [](std::string_view body) {
        return ValidateCheckout(*ParseUrlEncoded(body));
    };

    auto good = validate(kGoodOrder);
    Check(good.Ok(), "checkout: valid submission accepted");
    Check(good.value.country == "NL", "checkout: country uppercased");
    Check(good.value.street == "Main St 1", "checkout: street decoded and kept");

    Check(!validate("name=Ada&street=x&postal=1&city=y&country=NL").Ok(),
          "checkout: missing email rejected");
    Check(!validate("email=a%40b.example&street=x&postal=1&city=y&country=NL").Ok(),
          "checkout: missing name rejected");
    Check(!validate("email=a%40b.example&name=Ada&postal=1&city=y&country=NL").Ok(),
          "checkout: missing street rejected");
    Check(!validate("email=a%40b.example&name=Ada&street=x&city=y&country=NL").Ok(),
          "checkout: missing postal rejected");
    Check(!validate("email=a%40b.example&name=Ada&street=x&postal=1&country=NL").Ok(),
          "checkout: missing city rejected");
    Check(!validate("email=a%40b.example&name=Ada&street=x&postal=1&city=y").Ok(),
          "checkout: missing country rejected");
    Check(!validate("email=nonsense&name=Ada&street=x&postal=1&city=y&country=NL").Ok(),
          "checkout: bad email rejected");

    // Every problem is reported at once — a form that surfaces one error per
    // submission makes people resubmit to discover the rest.
    Check(validate("email=&name=&street=&postal=&city=&country=").errors.size() == 6,
          "checkout: errors accumulate");

    // Honeypot: a filled hidden field means a bot. The message must not name
    // the trap, or it teaches the next one how to pass.
    auto pot = validate(std::string(kGoodOrder) + "&website=http%3A%2F%2Fspam");
    Check(!pot.Ok(), "checkout: honeypot rejects");
    Check(pot.errors.size() == 1 && pot.errors[0].message.find("honeypot") == std::string::npos
          && pot.errors[0].message.find("website") == std::string::npos,
          "checkout: honeypot failure does not name the trap");

    Check(!validate("email=a%40b.example&name=" + std::string(200, 'x')
                    + "&street=x&postal=1&city=y&country=NL").Ok(),
          "checkout: overlong name rejected");

    // Colour and quantity: shape checks here, catalogue checks in the handler.
    Check(validate(std::string(kGoodOrder) + "&color=green&quantity=2").Ok(),
          "checkout: colour and quantity accepted");
    Check(validate(std::string(kGoodOrder) + "&quantity=2").value.quantity == 2,
          "checkout: quantity parsed");
    Check(validate(kGoodOrder).value.quantity == 1, "checkout: quantity defaults to 1");
    Check(!validate(std::string(kGoodOrder) + "&quantity=0").Ok(),
          "checkout: zero quantity rejected");
    Check(validate(std::string(kGoodOrder) + "&quantity=9").Ok(),
          "checkout: bulk quantity welcome");
    Check(validate(std::string(kGoodOrder) + "&quantity=99").Ok(),
          "checkout: the technical ceiling itself is fine");
    Check(!validate(std::string(kGoodOrder) + "&quantity=100").Ok(),
          "checkout: past the technical ceiling rejected");
    Check(!validate(std::string(kGoodOrder) + "&quantity=two").Ok(),
          "checkout: non-numeric quantity rejected");
    Check(!validate(std::string(kGoodOrder) + "&color=" + std::string(40, 'x')).Ok(),
          "checkout: oversized colour rejected");

    // A rejected field must still come back, or the visitor has to retype the
    // one thing they got wrong — the fastest way to lose a submission.
    auto rejected = validate("email=notanemail&name=Ada&street=Main%201&postal=1&city=y&country=NLD");
    Check(!rejected.Ok(), "checkout: invalid pair rejected");
    Check(rejected.value.email == "notanemail", "checkout: invalid email echoed back");
    Check(rejected.value.country == "NLD", "checkout: invalid country echoed back as typed");
    Check(rejected.value.name == "Ada", "checkout: valid sibling field preserved");
}

void RunMoneySelfTest() {
    using namespace Catcrafts::Money;

    // ── formatting ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    Check(FormatMinor(58000) == "580.00", "money: wire format");
    Check(FormatMinor(47934) == "479.34", "money: wire format with cents");
    Check(FormatMinor(5) == "0.05", "money: sub-unit");
    Check(FormatMinor(0) == "0.00", "money: zero");
    Check(FormatEuro(58000) == "€580", "money: whole euros displayed bare");
    Check(FormatEuro(47934) == "€479.34", "money: cents displayed when present");

    // ── VAT arithmetic ────────────────────────────────────────────────
    // €580.00 gross at 21%: net = 58000/1.21 = 47933.88... -> 47934 half-up.
    Check(NetFromGross(58000) == 47934, "vat: net from €580 gross");
    // The derived pair must reconstruct plausibly: net + vat == gross.
    Check(58000 - NetFromGross(58000) == 10066, "vat: vat portion exact");
    Check(NetFromGross(0) == 0, "vat: zero");
    Check(NetFromGross(121) == 100, "vat: €1.21 -> €1.00 exactly");
    // The gross-up direction, used to charge carrier costs without eating
    // the VAT slice: €7.13 cost -> €8.63 charged, and the pair round-trips.
    Check(GrossFromNet(713) == 863, "vat: gross from €7.13 net");
    Check(NetFromGross(GrossFromNet(713)) == 713, "vat: gross-up round-trips");
    Check(GrossFromNet(100) == 121, "vat: €1.00 -> €1.21 exactly");
    Check(GrossFromNet(0) == 0, "vat: gross-up zero");

    // ── zones and membership ──────────────────────────────────────────
    Check(IsEuCountry("NL") && IsEuCountry("DE") && IsEuCountry("FR"), "eu: members");
    Check(!IsEuCountry("GB"), "eu: UK left");
    Check(!IsEuCountry("CH") && !IsEuCountry("NO"), "eu: EFTA is not EU");
    Check(!IsEuCountry("CA") && !IsEuCountry("US"), "eu: north america");
    Check(!IsEuCountry("nl"), "eu: lowercase is not a member (normalise first)");
    Check(ZoneFor("NL") == Zone::Nl, "zone: home");
    Check(ZoneFor("DE") == Zone::Eu, "zone: eu");
    Check(ZoneFor("CA") == Zone::World, "zone: world");

    // ── order totals ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
    Check(ZoneShipping(1500, 2500, 5500, "NL") == 1500, "ship: NL zone");
    Check(ZoneShipping(1500, 2500, 5500, "DE") == 2500, "ship: EU zone");
    Check(ZoneShipping(1500, 2500, 5500, "CA") == 5500, "ship: world zone");

    // NL: gross + shipping, VAT included in both.
    auto nl = ComputeTotals(58000, 1, 1500, "NL");
    Check(nl.goods == 58000 && nl.shipping == 1500 && nl.total == 59500,
          "totals: NL");
    Check(nl.vatIncluded, "totals: NL includes VAT");
    Check(nl.vatCharged == 59500 - NetFromGross(59500), "totals: NL VAT covers shipping");

    auto de = ComputeTotals(58000, 1, 2500, "DE");
    Check(de.goods == 58000 && de.shipping == 2500 && de.total == 60500,
          "totals: EU");

    // Export: net goods, world shipping, no VAT.
    auto ca = ComputeTotals(58000, 1, 5500, "CA");
    Check(ca.goods == 47934 && ca.shipping == 5500 && ca.total == 53434,
          "totals: export");
    Check(!ca.vatIncluded && ca.vatCharged == 0, "totals: export carries no VAT");

    // Quantity: the export net is derived from the LINE total, not per unit —
    // per-unit rounding times qty would differ by a cent here, and the JS
    // preview mirrors this exact formula.
    auto ca2 = ComputeTotals(57500, 2, 5500, "CA");
    Check(ca2.goods == NetFromGross(115000), "totals: qty nets the line, not the unit");
    Check(ca2.goods == 95041, "totals: 2× green export net exact");
    auto nl2 = ComputeTotals(57500, 3, 1500, "NL");
    Check(nl2.goods == 172500 && nl2.total == 174000, "totals: qty multiplies gross");

    // ── the compiled-in catalogue ─────────────────────────────────────
    // Content is code now; these assertions are the contract the shop pages
    // rely on, checked against the actual shipped data.
    {
        const auto& products = Content::Products();
        Check(products.size() == 1, "content: one product");
        if (products.size() == 1) {
            const Product& pr = products[0];
            Check(pr.slug == "fp6-pmos", "content: product slug");
            // Coming-soon is the pre-launch state; launch flips it to
            // "available" and this check keeps passing either way.
            Check(pr.Buyable() || pr.ComingSoon(),
                  "content: product is buyable or deliberately coming soon");
            Check(pr.variants.size() == 3, "content: three colours");
            // Cost-plus pricing, derived in code: supplier + €50, exactly.
            Check(pr.FindVariant("green") && pr.FindVariant("green")->priceInclMinor == 56330,
                  "content: green = 513.30 supplier + 50 markup");
            Check(pr.FindVariant("black") && pr.FindVariant("black")->priceInclMinor == 56930,
                  "content: black = 519.30 supplier + 50 markup");
            Check(pr.FindVariant("white") && pr.FindVariant("white")->priceInclMinor == 65488,
                  "content: white = 604.88 supplier + 50 markup");
            Check(pr.FindVariant("mauve") == nullptr, "content: unknown colour is null");
            Check(pr.priceInclMinor == 56330, "content: from-price is the cheapest variant");
            Check(pr.CheapestVariant() && pr.CheapestVariant()->slug == "green",
                  "content: cheapest is green");
            Check(pr.safetyNote.find("112") != std::string::npos
                      && pr.safetyNote.find("not yet verified") != std::string::npos,
                  "content: emergency-calling safety warning present and honest");
            Check(pr.warranty.find("TODO") == std::string::npos && pr.warranty.size() > 100,
                  "content: warranty is written, not a placeholder");
            // The product page's schema.org record must parse with our own
            // JSON parser and carry one variant Product per colour, each
            // with its ONE offer — built from the same integers the
            // checkout charges.
            {
                auto pp = Views::RenderProduct(pr, Rates{});
                auto ld = Json::Parse(pp.meta.jsonLd);
                bool variantsOk = false;
                if (ld && ld->IsObject()) {
                    if (const Json::Value* v = ld->Find("hasVariant");
                        v && v->IsArray() && v->array.size() == pr.variants.size()) {
                        variantsOk = true;
                        for (const Json::Value& node : v->array) {
                            const Json::Value* o = node.Find("offers");
                            variantsOk = variantsOk && node.Str("@type") == "Product"
                                         && o && o->IsObject();
                        }
                    }
                }
                Check(ld && ld->IsObject() && ld->Str("@type") == "ProductGroup" && variantsOk,
                      "schema: product JSON-LD parses, one variant per colour");
                // Merchant-grade fields: shipping, returns, sku, group id —
                // what Merchant Center's website-crawl feed reads at launch
                // (productGroupID is its item_group_id).
                Check(pp.meta.jsonLd.find("OfferShippingDetails") != std::string::npos
                          && pp.meta.jsonLd.find("MerchantReturnPolicy") != std::string::npos
                          && pp.meta.jsonLd.find("\"sku\"") != std::string::npos
                          && pp.meta.jsonLd.find("\"productGroupID\"") != std::string::npos,
                      "schema: variants carry shipping, returns, sku and group id");
            }
        }
        Check(!Content::Projects().empty(), "content: projects present");
        Check(Content::LegalPages().size() == 3, "content: three legal pages");
        Check(Content::AboutPage().sections.size() >= 3
                  && !Content::AboutPage().sections[0].body.empty()
                  && Content::AboutPage().sections[0].body[0].find("Jorijn van der Graaf")
                         != std::string::npos,
              "content: about page names the founder");
        Check(!Content::Demos().empty(), "content: demos present");
    }

    // ── the identity graph ────────────────────────────────────────────
    // "Catcrafts" is two common words with no space, so it competes with a
    // decade of kids' craft blogs, Etsy and a Minecraft server on the
    // singular domain. The way out is not prose: it is one registered entity
    // that every page points at by @id. Those joins are worth asserting
    // because breaking one is silent — a typo'd @id still renders, still
    // validates as JSON-LD, and still splits the graph back into three
    // same-named strangers, which is the exact failure this markup exists to
    // prevent.
    {
        constexpr std::string_view kOrgId = "https://catcrafts.net/#organization";

        auto home = Views::RenderHome(Content::Projects(), std::span<const Post>{});
        auto ld = Json::Parse(home.meta.jsonLd);
        const Json::Value* org = nullptr;
        const Json::Value* site = nullptr;
        if (ld && ld->IsObject()) {
            if (const Json::Value* g = ld->Find("@graph"); g && g->IsArray()) {
                for (const Json::Value& node : g->array) {
                    if (node.Str("@type") == "Organization") org = &node;
                    if (node.Str("@type") == "WebSite")      site = &node;
                }
            }
        }
        Check(org && site, "schema: home graph parses, carries Organization and WebSite");

        if (org && site) {
            Check(org->Str("@id") == kOrgId, "schema: organization node is identified");
            Check(site->Str("@id") == "https://catcrafts.net/#website",
                  "schema: website node is identified");
            // The join that makes two nodes one entity rather than two.
            const Json::Value* publisher = site->Find("publisher");
            Check(publisher && publisher->IsObject() && publisher->Str("@id") == kOrgId,
                  "schema: website is published by the organization node");
            // The navigational query "catcrafts" is answered from the site
            // entity, so the spellings people type belong on it.
            const Json::Value* alt = site->Find("alternateName");
            Check(alt && alt->IsArray() && !alt->array.empty(),
                  "schema: website carries the spellings people type");

            // Registry numbers, typed. These are the part no name-twin can
            // produce — each one is checkable against a public register,
            // which also means a wrong value is worse than no value.
            bool kvk = false, vat = false, eori = false;
            if (const Json::Value* ids = org->Find("identifier"); ids && ids->IsArray()) {
                for (const Json::Value& id : ids->array) {
                    if (id.Str("propertyID") == "KVK")  kvk  = id.Str("value") == "78437059";
                    if (id.Str("propertyID") == "VAT")  vat  = id.Str("value") == "NL003329281B38";
                    if (id.Str("propertyID") == "EORI") eori = id.Str("value") == "NL1900095326";
                }
            }
            Check(kvk && vat && eori, "schema: KVK, VAT and EORI present and exact");

            // The name-twin guard. "Cat Crafts" with a space is the generic
            // craft phrase owned by everyone else; claiming it as an alternate
            // name argues for merging this entity into the corpus it needs to
            // stay distinct from.
            Check(home.meta.jsonLd.find("Cat Crafts") == std::string::npos,
                  "schema: the spaced generic is not claimed as a brand name");
        }

        // Cross-page joins: both must name the SAME @id the home page defines.
        auto about = Views::RenderAbout(Content::AboutPage());
        Check(about.meta.jsonLd.find(kOrgId) != std::string::npos,
              "schema: about joins the founder to the organization node");
        if (!Content::Products().empty()) {
            auto pp = Views::RenderProduct(Content::Products()[0], Rates{});
            Check(pp.meta.jsonLd.find(kOrgId) != std::string::npos,
                  "schema: offers are sold by the organization node");
        }

        // The person join, same mechanism in the other direction: home's
        // founder and about's mainEntity must name one Person node, or "who
        // founded Catcrafts" splits into two same-named strangers too.
        constexpr std::string_view kPersonId = "https://catcrafts.net/about#person";
        Check(home.meta.jsonLd.find(kPersonId) != std::string::npos
                  && about.meta.jsonLd.find(kPersonId) != std::string::npos,
              "schema: founder and about name one Person node");
    }

    // ── the Sendcloud response parser ─────────────────────────────────
    {
        const auto table = Server::ParseSendcloudMethods(R"({"shipping_methods":[
            {"name":"Other Method","countries":[{"iso_2":"NL","price":1.00}]},
            {"name":"DHL For You Home","countries":[
                {"iso_2":"NL","price":6.25},
                {"iso_2":"DE","price":8.20},
                {"iso_2":"CA","price":42.50},
                {"iso_2":"XX","price":0},
                {"iso_2":"TOOLONG","price":5.00}]}]})", "DHL For You");
        Check(table.method == "DHL For You Home", "sendcloud: method matched by substring");
        Check(table.Find("NL") == 625, "sendcloud: NL price to cents");
        Check(table.Find("DE") == 820, "sendcloud: 8.20 rounds exactly");
        Check(table.Find("CA") == 4250, "sendcloud: CA price");
        Check(table.Find("XX") == 0, "sendcloud: zero price dropped");
        Check(table.Find("TOOLONG") == 0, "sendcloud: malformed iso dropped");
        Check(Server::ParseSendcloudMethods("garbage", "x").perCountry.empty(),
              "sendcloud: malformed payload yields nothing");

        // Comma-separated merge: courier for Europe, post for the world; the
        // earlier method keeps any country both cover.
        const auto merged = Server::ParseSendcloudMethods(R"({"shipping_methods":[
            {"name":"DPD Home","countries":[
                {"iso_2":"NL","price":7.13},{"iso_2":"DE","price":10.49}]},
            {"name":"PostNL Parcels non-EU","countries":[
                {"iso_2":"CA","price":23.95},{"iso_2":"US","price":17.94},
                {"iso_2":"DE","price":99.99}]}]})",
            "DPD Home, PostNL Parcels non-EU");
        Check(merged.Find("NL") == 713 && merged.Find("CA") == 2395,
              "sendcloud: merged table covers both methods");
        Check(merged.Find("DE") == 1049,
              "sendcloud: earlier method wins a shared country");
        Check(merged.method == "DPD Home + PostNL Parcels non-EU",
              "sendcloud: merged method names recorded");
    }

    // ── indicative conversion ─────────────────────────────────────────
    // €580.00 at 1.0834 USD/EUR = $628.37 -> 628 whole units.
    Check(ConvertIndicative(58000, 1'083'400) == 628, "fx: converts to whole units");
    Check(ConvertIndicative(58000, 1'000'000) == 580, "fx: identity rate");
    auto ca$ = CurrencyFor("CA");
    Check(ca$.has_value() && ca$->code == "CAD", "fx: CA -> CAD");
    Check(!CurrencyFor("DE").has_value(), "fx: euro country has no conversion");
    Check(!CurrencyFor("XX").has_value(), "fx: unknown country has no conversion");
    if (ca$) {
        Check(FormatIndicative(*ca$, 920) == "≈ CA$920", "fx: display form");
    }

    // ── order tokens and references ───────────────────────────────────
    Check(IsOrderToken("0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"), "token: valid shape");
    Check(!IsOrderToken("0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEF"), "token: uppercase rejected");
    Check(!IsOrderToken("0123456789abcdef0123456789abcde"), "token: short rejected");
    Check(!IsOrderToken("0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdeg"), "token: non-hex rejected");
    const std::string tok = Server::NewOrderToken();
    Check(IsOrderToken(tok), "token: generator emits valid tokens", tok);
    Check(Server::NewOrderToken() != tok, "token: not constant");
    Check(Server::ReferenceFromToken("abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789") == "CC-ABCDEF",
          "reference: derived and uppercased");

    // ── the wire-amount parser (bunq responses) ───────────────────────
    using Server::ParseAmountToMinor;
    Check(ParseAmountToMinor("614.00") == 61400, "amount: normal");
    Check(ParseAmountToMinor("614") == 61400, "amount: no fraction");
    Check(ParseAmountToMinor("614.5") == 61450, "amount: one fraction digit");
    Check(ParseAmountToMinor("0.01") == 1, "amount: one cent");
    Check(!ParseAmountToMinor("614.005").has_value(), "amount: three decimals rejected");
    Check(!ParseAmountToMinor("-1.00").has_value(), "amount: negative rejected");
    Check(!ParseAmountToMinor("+1.00").has_value(), "amount: sign rejected");
    Check(!ParseAmountToMinor("1e3").has_value(), "amount: exponent rejected");
    Check(!ParseAmountToMinor("1.").has_value(), "amount: trailing dot rejected");
    Check(!ParseAmountToMinor(".5").has_value(), "amount: bare fraction rejected");
    Check(!ParseAmountToMinor("").has_value(), "amount: empty rejected");
    Check(!ParseAmountToMinor("1 000.00").has_value(), "amount: separator rejected");

    // ── the Mollie payment parser ─────────────────────────────────────
    {
        const auto p1 = Server::ParseMolliePayment(R"({
            "resource":"payment","id":"tr_7UhSN1zuXS","status":"open","method":null,
            "amount":{"value":"578.30","currency":"EUR"},
            "_links":{"checkout":{"href":"https://www.mollie.com/checkout/select-method/7UhSN1zuXS","type":"text/html"}}})");
        Check(p1.has_value(), "mollie: open payment parses");
        if (p1) {
            Check(p1->id == "tr_7UhSN1zuXS", "mollie: id");
            Check(p1->status == "open", "mollie: status");
            Check(p1->amountMinor == 57830, "mollie: amount to cents");
            Check(p1->checkoutUrl == "https://www.mollie.com/checkout/select-method/7UhSN1zuXS",
                  "mollie: checkout link");
            Check(p1->method.empty(), "mollie: null method is empty");
        }
        const auto p2 = Server::ParseMolliePayment(R"({
            "id":"tr_x","status":"paid","method":"ideal",
            "amount":{"value":"578.30","currency":"EUR"},"_links":{}})");
        Check(p2 && p2->status == "paid" && p2->method == "ideal",
              "mollie: paid payment carries the method");
        const auto p3 = Server::ParseMolliePayment(R"({
            "id":"tr_y","status":"paid","amount":{"value":"578.30","currency":"USD"}})");
        Check(p3 && p3->amountMinor == 0, "mollie: non-EUR amount refuses to count");
        Check(!Server::ParseMolliePayment("garbage").has_value(),
              "mollie: malformed payload rejected");
        Check(!Server::ParseMolliePayment(R"({"status":"open"})").has_value(),
              "mollie: missing id rejected");
    }

    // ── the invoice builder ───────────────────────────────────────────
    {
        Server::OrderRecord o;
        o.token = "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef";
        o.reference = "CC-TEST01";
        o.invoiceNumber = "f57c6512-f012-4b91-adb3-077876480178-7";
        o.invoicedAt = "2026-08-05T10:00:00Z";
        o.createdAt = "2026-08-05T09:55:00Z";
        o.paidVia = "ideal";
        o.buyer = { "b@example.org", "Ada Lovelace", "Main St 1", "1234AB",
                    "Delft", "NL" };
        o.quantity = 2;
        o.unitMinor = 56330;
        o.goodsMinor = 112660;
        o.shippingMinor = 863;
        o.totalMinor = 113523;
        o.vatIncluded = true;

        const std::string eu = Server::BuildInvoiceMarkdown(o, "Fairphone 6", "Forest Green");
        Check(eu.find("# Invoice f57c6512-f012-4b91-adb3-077876480178-7") != std::string::npos,
              "invoice: number heading");
        Check(eu.find("* Customer number: f57c6512-f012-4b91-adb3-077876480178") != std::string::npos,
              "invoice: customer series shown separately");
        Check(eu.find("* Invoice number: 7") != std::string::npos,
              "invoice: sequence within the series");
        Check(eu.find("Chico Mendesring 256") != std::string::npos, "invoice: seller address");
        Check(eu.find("3315NN Dordrecht") != std::string::npos, "invoice: seller city");
        Check(eu.find("KVK 78437059") != std::string::npos, "invoice: KVK");
        Check(eu.find("NL003329281B38") != std::string::npos, "invoice: VAT id");
        Check(eu.find("CC-TEST01") != std::string::npos, "invoice: order reference");
        Check(eu.find("Ada Lovelace") != std::string::npos, "invoice: buyer name");
        Check(eu.find("Fairphone 6 — Forest Green") != std::string::npos,
              "invoice: item names the colour");
        Check(eu.find("VAT 21% (NL)") != std::string::npos, "invoice: EU VAT line");
        Check(eu.find("€1135.23") != std::string::npos, "invoice: EU total");
        Check(eu.find("zero-rated") == std::string::npos, "invoice: EU is not an export");

        o.vatIncluded = false;
        o.buyer.country = "CA";
        o.goodsMinor = 93107;
        o.shippingMinor = 2395;
        o.totalMinor = 95502;
        const std::string ex = Server::BuildInvoiceMarkdown(o, "Fairphone 6", "Forest Green");
        Check(ex.find("VAT 0%") != std::string::npos, "invoice: export VAT 0%");
        Check(ex.find("art. 146") != std::string::npos, "invoice: export legal basis");
        Check(ex.find("€955.02") != std::string::npos, "invoice: export total");
    }

    // ── rates loader ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
    const Rates r = LoadRates(
        R"({"date":"2026-08-04","micro_per_eur":{"USD":1083400,"CAD":1489000}})");
    Check(r.date == "2026-08-04", "rates: date");
    Check(r.Find("USD") == 1'083'400, "rates: lookup");
    Check(r.Find("XXX") == 0, "rates: absent is zero");
    Check(LoadRates("garbage").microPerEur.empty(), "rates: malformed input yields none");
}

std::string ReadFile(const std::filesystem::path& p) {
    std::ifstream in(p, std::ios::binary);
    if (!in) return {};
    std::ostringstream buf;
    buf << in.rdbuf();
    return buf.str();
}

// Load content/ from disk. The wasm host reads the same bytes out of the VFS
// instead; the loaders are shared, so only the source of the bytes differs.
// Content loader for the CLI modes (--render, --routes, --sitemap, --feed).
//
// Must stay in step with Server::LoadContent, which the --serve path uses. They
// are separate because the CLI wants a value it can pass around while the server
// keeps process-wide state — but a field added to one and forgotten in the other
// shows up as content silently missing from exactly one code path, which is how
// products came to be absent from --routes and --sitemap while the live server
// served them fine.
Views::SiteContent LoadContent(const std::filesystem::path& root) {
    Views::SiteContent c;
    c.projects = Content::Projects();
    c.products = Content::Products();
    c.legal    = Content::LegalPages();
    c.demos    = Content::Demos();
    c.posts    = LoadPosts(ReadFile(root / "posts.json"));
    c.rates    = LoadRates(ReadFile(root / "rates.json"));
    return c;
}

} // namespace

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    const std::vector<std::string_view> args(argv + 1, argv + argc);
    const auto has = [&](std::string_view f) {
        return std::find(args.begin(), args.end(), f) != args.end();
    };

    if (has("--selftest")) {
        RunSelfTest();
        RunJsonSelfTest();
        RunFormSelfTest();
        RunMoneySelfTest();
        if (failures == 0) {
            std::println("Catcrafts.Shared self-test: all assertions passed");
            return 0;
        }
        std::println(std::cerr, "Catcrafts.Shared self-test: {} failure(s)", failures);
        return 1;
    }

    // --render <path>: emit the full server-rendered document for a route.
    //
    // This is the SSR path in miniature, and it is how the markup gets
    // inspected without a browser: same renderers, same content files, same
    // output the server will eventually put on the wire.
    if (args.size() >= 2 && args[0] == "--render") {
        const Views::SiteContent content = LoadContent("content");
        const Route route = ParseRoute(args[1]);
        const Views::RenderedPage page = Views::RenderRoute(route, content);
        std::print("{}", Views::RenderDocument(
            page,
            Views::RenderNav(route.kind == RouteKind::LegacyBlog ? RouteKind::Posts : route.kind),
            Views::RenderFooter(),
            /*bootScripts=*/"",   // no wasm on a plain server render
            /*cssHref=*/"/styles.css"));
        return 0;
    }

    // --sitemap / --feed: generated from the same route table and Post model
    // the pages use, so they cannot drift from what the site actually serves.
    // The checked-in sitemap.xml this replaces still listed three blog posts
    // that no longer exist.
    //
    // Html::Escape's output is valid XML text: &amp; &lt; &gt; &quot; are
    // shared with XML, and it emits an apostrophe as the numeric reference
    // &#39; rather than the HTML-only &apos;. So no separate XML escaper.
    if (has("--sitemap")) {
        const Views::SiteContent content = LoadContent("content");
        std::print("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"
                   "<urlset xmlns=\"http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9\">\n");
        for (std::string_view p : SitemapPaths()) {
            std::print("  <url><loc>https://catcrafts.net{}</loc></url>\n",
                       Html::Escape(p).Str());
        }
        // Product URLs come from the loaded catalogue rather than a second
        // hardcoded list, so the sitemap cannot advertise a product that does
        // not exist or miss one that does.
        for (const Product& pr : content.products) {
            std::print("  <url><loc>https://catcrafts.net/shop/{}</loc></url>\n",
                       Html::Escape(pr.slug).Str());
        }
        std::print("</urlset>\n");
        return 0;
    }

    if (has("--feed")) {
        const Views::SiteContent content = LoadContent("content");
        std::print("{}", Views::RenderAtomFeed(content.posts));
        return 0;
    }

    // --routes: status + title for every route, for a quick smoke check.
    if (has("--routes")) {
        const Views::SiteContent content = LoadContent("content");
        for (std::string_view p : { "/", "/about", "/shop", "/shop/fp6-pmos", "/shop/nope",
                                    "/order/0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef",
                                    "/order/not-a-token",
                                    "/legal/privacy", "/legal/imprint",
                                    "/legal/terms", "/legal/nope",
                                    "/projects", "/posts", "/demos",
                                    "/demos/raytracer", "/demos/nope", "/demo",
                                    "/projects/", "/blog", "/blog/hello-world", "/nope" }) {
            const Route r = ParseRoute(p);
            const Views::RenderedPage page = Views::RenderRoute(r, content);
            std::println("{:<22} status={} bytes={:<6} title={}",
                         p, page.status, page.main.Size(), page.meta.title);
        }
        return 0;
    }

    // --serve [port] [--content=DIR] [--webroot=DIR]
    //
    // Plaintext HTTP/1.1 for Caddy to reverse-proxy to; see
    // Catcrafts.Server-Http.cpp for why not HTTP/3.
    //
    // Both directories are options rather than fixed paths because the
    // development layout and the deployed layout differ: in the repo the
    // content sits in ./content and the wasm bundle under ./bin/Catcrafts.Net-*/,
    // while on the server the content is installed next to the binary and the
    // bundle IS the webroot Caddy serves.
    if (!args.empty() && args[0] == "--serve") {
        std::uint16_t port = 8081;
        std::filesystem::path contentDir = "content";
        std::filesystem::path webroot;
        // Default alongside the content in dev; the systemd unit points this at
        // /var/lib/catcrafts, which is deliberately NOT the web root — that
        // directory is publicly served and wiped by rsync --delete each deploy.
        std::filesystem::path ordersPath = "orders.jsonl";
        // Payment rail selection. Flags beat environment beats default. The
        // default is "whichever provider has a key, off otherwise" so a box
        // with no credentials serves the whole site minus checkout instead of
        // refusing to start. Mollie outranks bunq: bunq.me's per-method limits
        // (€500/card, nothing for non-EU buyers) disqualified it as the
        // checkout; the client is kept for a possible future account sweep.
        const char* mollieKey = std::getenv("MOLLIE_API_KEY");
        const char* bunqKey = std::getenv("BUNQ_API_KEY");
        std::string railMode = mollieKey && *mollieKey ? "mollie"
                             : bunqKey && *bunqKey     ? "bunq"
                                                       : "off";
        bool bunqSandbox = [] {
            const char* v = std::getenv("BUNQ_SANDBOX");
            return v && std::string_view(v) == "1";
        }();
        std::filesystem::path railState;
        std::string redirectBase = [] {
            const char* v = std::getenv("ORDER_REDIRECT_BASE");
            return v && *v ? std::string(v) : std::string("https://catcrafts.net");
        }();

        for (std::size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); ++i) {
            const std::string_view a = args[i];
            if (a.starts_with("--content=")) {
                contentDir = a.substr(10);
            } else if (a.starts_with("--webroot=")) {
                webroot = a.substr(10);
            } else if (a.starts_with("--orders=")) {
                ordersPath = a.substr(9);
            } else if (a.starts_with("--rail=")) {
                railMode = a.substr(7);
            } else if (a.starts_with("--bunq=")) {
                railMode = a.substr(7);   // legacy alias for --rail=
            } else if (a.starts_with("--rail-state=")) {
                railState = a.substr(13);
            } else if (a.starts_with("--bunq-state=")) {
                railState = a.substr(13); // legacy alias for --rail-state=
            } else if (a.starts_with("--redirect-base=")) {
                redirectBase = a.substr(16);
            } else {
                std::uint32_t parsed = 0;
                if (std::from_chars(a.data(), a.data() + a.size(), parsed).ec == std::errc{}
                    && parsed > 0 && parsed <= 65535) {
                    port = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(parsed);
                } else {
                    std::println(std::cerr, "--serve: unrecognised argument '{}'", a);
                    return 2;
                }
            }
        }

        // The bundle's index.html supplies the <script> tags with their
        // per-build ?v= cache buster, which is why they are read rather than
        // hardcoded — a hardcoded tag would silently serve a stale module.
        //
        // A missing bundle is NOT fatal: every route except /demo renders
        // completely without the wasm, so the site degrades to plain SSR
        // instead of refusing to start.
        std::filesystem::path bundleIndex;
        std::error_code ec;
        if (!webroot.empty()) {
            bundleIndex = webroot / "index.html";
            if (!std::filesystem::exists(bundleIndex, ec)) bundleIndex.clear();
        } else if (std::filesystem::is_directory("bin", ec)) {
            for (const auto& e : std::filesystem::directory_iterator("bin", ec)) {
                if (e.is_directory() && e.path().filename().string().starts_with("Catcrafts.Net-")) {
                    bundleIndex = e.path() / "index.html";
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        if (bundleIndex.empty()) {
            std::println(std::cerr,
                         "catcrafts-server: no wasm bundle index.html found; "
                         "/demo will render without the renderer");
        }

        if (!std::filesystem::is_directory(contentDir, ec)) {
            std::println(std::cerr, "catcrafts-server: content directory '{}' not found",
                         contentDir.string());
            return 2;
        }

        Server::SetOrdersPath(ordersPath);
        Server::LoadContent(contentDir, bundleIndex);
        // Refuse to serve an empty catalogue: it almost always means the
        // content path is wrong or a JSON file is malformed, and a silently
        // empty projects page looks like a design choice rather than a bug.
        if (Server::ContentProjectCount() == 0) {
            std::println(std::cerr,
                         "catcrafts-server: no projects loaded from '{}' — refusing to start",
                         contentDir.string());
            return 2;
        }

        // The rail. State (bunq session context, or the fake rail's paid
        // marker; Mollie needs none) defaults next to the orders file — same
        // directory, same lifecycle, same backup.
        if (railState.empty()) {
            railState = ordersPath;
            railState += (railMode == "fake") ? ".fake-paid" : ".bunq-state.json";
        }
        Server::RailConfig railCfg;
        railCfg.mode = railMode;
        railCfg.apiKey = railMode == "mollie" ? (mollieKey ? mollieKey : "")
                       : railMode == "bunq"   ? (bunqKey ? bunqKey : "")
                                              : "";
        railCfg.sandbox = bunqSandbox;
        railCfg.statePath = railState;
        railCfg.redirectBase = redirectBase;
        std::unique_ptr<Server::PaymentRail> rail = Server::MakeRail(railCfg);
        if ((railMode == "mollie" || railMode == "bunq") && railCfg.apiKey.empty()) {
            std::println(std::cerr,
                         "catcrafts-server: --rail={} but its API key env is not set — "
                         "refusing to start with a rail that cannot work", railMode);
            return 2;
        }

        Server::ConfigurePayments(std::move(rail), redirectBase);

        // Invoice signing: the GPG key uid/fingerprint; GNUPGHOME decides the
        // keyring. Unset means unsigned dev invoices with a visible marker.
        if (const char* v = std::getenv("INVOICE_GPG_KEY"); v && *v) {
            Server::ConfigureInvoicing(v);
        }

        // Sendcloud is optional: without credentials the compiled-in zone
        // table prices all shipping, which is exactly how dev and e2e run.
        // With credentials the refresh thread fetches per-country rates.
        Server::ShippingConfig shipCfg;
        if (const char* v = std::getenv("SENDCLOUD_PUBLIC_KEY")) shipCfg.publicKey = v;
        if (const char* v = std::getenv("SENDCLOUD_SECRET_KEY")) shipCfg.secretKey = v;
        if (const char* v = std::getenv("SENDCLOUD_METHOD"))     shipCfg.methodName = v;
        shipCfg.cachePath = ordersPath;
        shipCfg.cachePath += ".shipping.json";
        Server::ConfigureShipping(shipCfg);

        return Server::Serve(port);
    }

    // --orders [FILE]: the ledger, human-shaped. And the manual transitions —
    // the escape hatch for a payment bunq confirmed out-of-band (or a refund):
    //   --orders FILE --mark-paid TOKEN | --mark-shipped TOKEN | --cancel TOKEN
    if (!args.empty() && args[0] == "--orders") {
        std::filesystem::path file = "orders.jsonl";
        std::string markPaid, markShipped, cancel;
        for (std::size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); ++i) {
            const std::string_view a = args[i];
            auto next = [&]() -> std::string {
                return (i + 1 < args.size()) ? std::string(args[++i]) : std::string{};
            };
            if (a == "--mark-paid")         markPaid = next();
            else if (a == "--mark-shipped") markShipped = next();
            else if (a == "--cancel")       cancel = next();
            else                            file = a;
        }
        Server::SetOrdersPath(file);

        auto transition = [&](const std::string& token, std::string_view status) -> int {
            auto order = Server::FindOrder(token);
            if (!order) {
                std::println(std::cerr, "no such order: {}", token);
                return 1;
            }
            const std::string now = std::format(
                "{:%FT%TZ}", std::chrono::floor<std::chrono::seconds>(
                                 std::chrono::system_clock::now()));
            if (!Server::AppendOrderStatus(token, status, now)) {
                std::println(std::cerr, "could not append to {}", file.string());
                return 1;
            }
            if (status == "paid") Server::AssignInvoiceNumber(token, now);
            std::println("{}: {} -> {}", order->reference, order->status, status);
            return 0;
        };
        if (!markPaid.empty())    return transition(markPaid, "paid");
        if (!markShipped.empty()) return transition(markShipped, "shipped");
        if (!cancel.empty())      return transition(cancel, "cancelled");

        const auto orders = Server::ListOrders();
        std::println("orders: {}", orders.size());
        if (orders.empty()) return 0;
        std::println("");
        std::println("{:<10} {:<17} {:>10}  {:<3} {:<8} {:>3} {:<11} {:<20} {}",
                     "reference", "status", "total", "cc", "colour", "qty", "via",
                     "created", "token");
        for (const auto& o : orders) {
            std::println("{:<10} {:<17} {:>10}  {:<3} {:<8} {:>3} {:<11} {:<20} {}",
                         o.reference, o.status, Money::FormatMinor(o.totalMinor),
                         o.buyer.country, o.color.empty() ? "-" : o.color,
                         o.quantity, o.paidVia.empty() ? "-" : o.paidVia,
                         o.createdAt, o.token);
        }
        return 0;
    }

    std::println("catcrafts-server: --selftest | --render <path> | --routes | --sitemap | --feed\n"
                 "                  --serve [port] [--content=DIR] [--webroot=DIR] [--orders=FILE]\n"
                 "                          [--rail=off|fake|mollie|bunq] [--rail-state=FILE] [--redirect-base=URL]\n"
                 "                  --orders [FILE] [--mark-paid TOKEN | --mark-shipped TOKEN | --cancel TOKEN]\n"
                 "\n"
                 "environment: MOLLIE_API_KEY (test_… or live_…), BUNQ_API_KEY, BUNQ_SANDBOX=1,\n"
                 "             ORDER_REDIRECT_BASE, SENDCLOUD_PUBLIC_KEY/SECRET_KEY/METHOD");
    return 0;
}