/*
catcrafts.net
Copyright (C) 2026 Catcrafts

The source code of this website is made available for viewing purposes only.
No permission is granted to copy, modify, distribute, or create derivative works.
*/

// catcrafts-server — the native product.
//
// Serves the server-rendered pages (crawlers and no-JS clients get real HTML),
// runs the shop — orders, the bunq payment rail, the reconciler — and doubles
// as the test harness for Catcrafts.Shared.
//
// The harness half is not filler. Catcrafts.Shared is the security boundary
// for every piece of markup the site emits, and it is target-neutral precisely
// so it can be tested somewhere with a debugger, sanitizers and a normal test
// loop instead of only inside a wasm module in a browser tab. `--selftest`
// is how the shared code gets executed rather than merely compiled.
//
//   crafter-build -- --product=server && ./bin/Catcrafts.Server-*/catcrafts-server --selftest

import std;
import Catcrafts.Shared;
import Catcrafts.Server;

using namespace Catcrafts;

namespace {

int failures = 0;

void Check(bool ok, std::string_view what, std::string_view got = {}) {
    if (ok) return;
    ++failures;
    std::println(std::cerr, "FAIL: {}{}{}", what,
                 got.empty() ? "" : "  got: ", got);
}

void CheckEq(const Html::SafeHtml& actual, std::string_view expected, std::string_view what) {
    Check(actual.View() == expected, what, actual.View());
}

void RunSelfTest() {
    using namespace Catcrafts::Html;

    // ── Escape ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    CheckEq(Escape("plain"), "plain", "escape: passthrough");
    CheckEq(Escape("a<b"), "a&lt;b", "escape: lt");
    CheckEq(Escape("a>b"), "a&gt;b", "escape: gt");
    CheckEq(Escape("a&b"), "a&amp;b", "escape: amp");
    CheckEq(Escape("say \"hi\""), "say &quot;hi&quot;", "escape: dquote");
    CheckEq(Escape("it's"), "it&#39;s", "escape: squote");
    // Ampersand must be escaped first or the other replacements get
    // double-encoded; a single pass makes that ordering bug impossible.
    CheckEq(Escape("&lt;"), "&amp;lt;", "escape: no double-encode");
    CheckEq(Escape("<script>alert(1)</script>"),
            "&lt;script&gt;alert(1)&lt;/script&gt;", "escape: script tag");
    // Non-ASCII passes through untouched — the output is UTF-8, and
    // entity-encoding it would just bloat the page.
    CheckEq(Escape("café ✓ 日本"), "café ✓ 日本", "escape: utf-8 passthrough");
    CheckEq(Escape(""), "", "escape: empty");

    // ── Num ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    CheckEq(Num(0), "0", "num: zero");
    CheckEq(Num(-42), "-42", "num: negative");
    CheckEq(Num(9007199254740993LL), "9007199254740993", "num: beyond double precision");

    // ── Attr ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    CheckEq(Attr("class", "card"), " class=\"card\"", "attr: basic");
    CheckEq(Attr("data-x", "a\"b"), " data-x=\"a&quot;b\"", "attr: value escaped");
    CheckEq(Attr("class", ""), "", "attr: empty value omits attribute");
    // An invalid name is a programming error, not user data. Emitting
    // nothing is safer than emitting mangled markup.
    CheckEq(Attr("on error", "x"), "", "attr: invalid name rejected");
    CheckEq(Attr("x><script", "y"), "", "attr: name cannot break out");

    // ── Url ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    CheckEq(Url("href", "/shop/thing"), " href=\"/shop/thing\"", "url: site-relative");
    CheckEq(Url("href", "https://a.example/x"), " href=\"https://a.example/x\"", "url: https");
    CheckEq(Url("href", "mailto:a@b.example"), " href=\"mailto:a@b.example\"", "url: mailto");
    CheckEq(Url("href", "#reviews"), " href=\"#reviews\"", "url: fragment");
    // Escaping alone would NOT make these safe: they contain no character
    // that needs escaping, so only a scheme allowlist stops them.
    CheckEq(Url("href", "javascript:alert(1)"), " href=\"#\"", "url: javascript: neutralised");
    CheckEq(Url("href", "JaVaScRiPt:alert(1)"), " href=\"#\"", "url: case-insensitive");
    CheckEq(Url("href", "data:text/html,<script>"), " href=\"#\"", "url: data: neutralised");
    // Browsers strip control characters before resolving the scheme, so a
    // naive prefix check would pass this straight through.
    CheckEq(Url("href", "java\tscript:alert(1)"), " href=\"#\"", "url: embedded tab");
    CheckEq(Url("href", "  javascript:alert(1)"), " href=\"#\"", "url: leading space");
    CheckEq(Url("href", "//evil.example/x"), " href=\"#\"", "url: protocol-relative blocked");
    CheckEq(Url("href", "vbscript:x"), " href=\"#\"", "url: vbscript neutralised");

    // ── Format ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    // The compile-time half of this guarantee (raw std::string rejected) is
    // verified by the build itself — see the negative test in the notes.
    CheckEq(Format("<h2>{}</h2>", Escape("a<b")), "<h2>a&lt;b</h2>", "format: escapes flow through");
    CheckEq(Format("<a{}>{}</a>", Url("href", "/x"), Escape("go")),
            "<a href=\"/x\">go</a>", "format: attr + text");
    CheckEq(Format("{}{}", Num(1), Num(2)), "12", "format: multiple args");
    CheckEq(Format("literal"), "literal", "format: no args");
    CheckEq(Format("{{literal braces}}"), "{literal braces}", "format: brace escaping");

    // ── Join / concat ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
    const std::array<Html::SafeHtml, 3> parts{ Escape("a"), Escape("b"), Escape("c") };
    CheckEq(Join(parts, Raw(", ")), "a, b, c", "join: separator");
    CheckEq(Join(std::span<const Html::SafeHtml>{}), "", "join: empty");
    CheckEq(Escape("a") + Escape("<"), "a&lt;", "operator+: escapes preserved");
}

// The format ladder. One <picture>/<video> builder serves both the cards and
// the post bodies, so these assertions cover every image and video the site
// emits — and the ordering ones matter: a browser takes the FIRST source it
// understands, so a mis-ordered ladder silently serves the wrong tier to
// everyone rather than failing visibly.
void RunMediaSelfTest() {
    auto img = [](std::string src, std::string avif, std::string png,
                  std::int64_t w = 0, std::int64_t h = 0) {
        PostMedia m;
        m.src = std::move(src);
        m.kind = "image";
        m.avif = std::move(avif);
        m.fallback = std::move(png);
        m.width = w;
        m.height = h;
        return m;
    };

    // The full ladder: AVIF, then the mirrored original, then the PNG the <img>
    // itself points at. Exactly one of the three is ever fetched.
    CheckEq(Media::Tag(img("/media/x.webp", "/media/x.avif", "/media/x.png", 800, 600)),
            R"(<picture><source srcset="/media/x.avif" type="image/avif">)"
            R"(<source srcset="/media/x.webp" type="image/webp">)"
            R"(<img class="post-media__item" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="")"
            R"( src="/media/x.png" width="800" height="600"></picture>)",
            "media: image ladder is avif, original, png");

    // Alt text reaches the <img>, not the <picture> — a screen reader reads the
    // img, and an alt on the wrapper is invisible to it.
    Check(Media::Tag(img("/media/x.webp", "/media/x.avif", "/media/x.png"), "a cat")
              .View().find(R"(alt="a cat" src="/media/x.png")") != std::string_view::npos,
          "media: alt lands on the img");

    // Degradation, one tier at a time. Each of these is a real state: no
    // encoder on the build host, a source that was already PNG, a body image
    // whose download failed so there is nothing but the original URL.
    CheckEq(Media::Tag(img("/media/x.webp", "", "/media/x.png")),
            R"(<picture><source srcset="/media/x.webp" type="image/webp">)"
            R"(<img class="post-media__item" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="")"
            R"( src="/media/x.png"></picture>)",
            "media: no avif still offers the original above the png");
    CheckEq(Media::Tag(img("/media/x.webp", "/media/x.avif", "")),
            R"(<picture><source srcset="/media/x.avif" type="image/avif">)"
            R"(<img class="post-media__item" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="")"
            R"( src="/media/x.webp"></picture>)",
            "media: no png leaves the original as the base");
    CheckEq(Media::Tag(img("/media/x.webp", "", "")),
            R"(<img class="post-media__item" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="")"
            R"( src="/media/x.webp">)",
            "media: no renditions is a bare img, as before any of this existed");
    // A source that is already PNG is its own fallback, and must not be
    // offered twice — once as a <source> and once as the <img>.
    CheckEq(Media::Tag(img("/media/x.png", "/media/x.avif", "/media/x.png")),
            R"(<picture><source srcset="/media/x.avif" type="image/avif">)"
            R"(<img class="post-media__item" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="")"
            R"( src="/media/x.png"></picture>)",
            "media: a png source is not also listed as a source");
    // Likewise a source that is already AVIF.
    Check(Media::Tag(img("/media/x.avif", "/media/x.avif", "/media/x.png"))
              .View().find("image/avif\"><source") == std::string_view::npos,
          "media: an avif source is not listed twice");

    // A URL is still a URL: the scheme allowlist applies to srcset exactly as
    // it does to src, or the ladder becomes a way around it.
    Check(Media::Tag(img("/media/x.webp", "javascript:alert(1)", "/media/x.png"))
              .View().find(R"(srcset="#")") != std::string_view::npos,
          "media: a hostile srcset is neutralised");

    // Video is unchanged by any of this and must stay so.
    {
        PostMedia v;
        v.src = "/media/v.mp4";
        v.kind = "video";
        v.poster = "/media/v.webp";
        v.fallback = "/media/v.h264.mp4";
        const auto out = Media::Tag(v);
        Check(out.View().starts_with("<video class=\"post-media__item\" controls preload=\"metadata\""),
              "media: video is still a video", out.View());
        Check(out.View().find("codecs=av01") != std::string_view::npos
                  && out.View().find(R"(<source src="/media/v.h264.mp4" type="video/mp4">)")
                         != std::string_view::npos,
              "media: AV1 then H.264, in that order");
        Check(out.View().find("<picture>") == std::string_view::npos,
              "media: a video is not wrapped in a picture");
    }

    // A path with no record renders from the path alone — the mirror failed,
    // and showing the picture beats dropping the paragraph's subject.
    {
        const std::array<PostMedia, 1> known{
            img("/media/x.webp", "/media/x.avif", "/media/x.png") };
        Check(Media::Find(known, "/media/x.webp") != nullptr, "media: found by src");
        Check(Media::Find(known, "/media/nope.webp") == nullptr, "media: unknown src");
        const PostMedia guessed = Media::Describe(known, "https://i.example/a.webp");
        Check(guessed.kind == "image" && guessed.avif.empty(),
              "media: an unmirrored image is described from its path");
        Check(Media::Describe(known, "https://i.example/a.mp4").kind == "video",
              "media: an unmirrored video is recognised as one");
    }
}

// The Markdown renderer, which is the newest place untrusted text becomes
// markup — post bodies are fetched from someone else's server, so every one of
// these assertions is ultimately about the same thing: nothing in a body can
// escape into the document. The structural cases are here too, because a parser
// that silently drops a construct loses content invisibly.
void RunMarkdownSelfTest() {
    auto md = [](std::string_view text,
                 std::span<const PostMedia> media = {}) {
        return Markdown::Render(text, media);
    };

    // ── the guarantee ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
    CheckEq(md("<script>alert(1)</script>"),
            "<p>&lt;script&gt;alert(1)&lt;/script&gt;</p>", "md: html is text, never markup");
    CheckEq(md("![x](javascript:alert(1))"),
            R"(<div class="post-media"><img class="post-media__item" loading="lazy" )"
            R"(decoding="async" alt="x" src="#"></div>)",
            "md: javascript: image source neutralised");
    CheckEq(md("[x](javascript:alert(1))"),
            R"(<p><a href="#" rel="noopener">x</a></p>)",
            "md: javascript: link neutralised");
    CheckEq(md("a \" b & c"), "<p>a &quot; b &amp; c</p>", "md: quotes and ampersands escaped");
    // A code span is verbatim text, and verbatim is exactly where an escaper
    // is most often forgotten.
    CheckEq(md("`<b>`"), "<p><code>&lt;b&gt;</code></p>", "md: code span escaped");

    // ── blocks ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    CheckEq(md(""), "", "md: empty body renders nothing");
    CheckEq(md("plain text"), "<p>plain text</p>", "md: paragraph");
    // Demotion by one: the page h1 is the post title, so a body's own top-level
    // heading is a section within it.
    CheckEq(md("# Heading"), "<h2>Heading</h2>", "md: h1 demoted to h2");
    CheckEq(md("### Heading"), "<h4>Heading</h4>", "md: h3 demoted to h4");
    CheckEq(md("#nothashtag"), "<p>#nothashtag</p>", "md: # without a space is not a heading");
    CheckEq(md("> quoted"),
            R"(<blockquote class="post-body__quote"><p>quoted</p></blockquote>)",
            "md: blockquote");
    // The quoted lines are re-parsed, so a multi-paragraph quote keeps its
    // paragraphs instead of collapsing into one run-on line.
    CheckEq(md("> one\n>\n> two"),
            R"(<blockquote class="post-body__quote"><p>one</p><p>two</p></blockquote>)",
            "md: blockquote keeps its paragraphs");
    CheckEq(md("- a\n- b"),
            R"(<ul class="post-body__list"><li>a</li><li>b</li></ul>)", "md: unordered list");
    CheckEq(md("1. a\n2. b"),
            R"(<ol class="post-body__list"><li>a</li><li>b</li></ol>)", "md: ordered list");
    // A list resumed after an interrupting paragraph continues its numbering.
    // Without the start attribute the mini-guide in one of these posts renders
    // as steps 1-4 followed by steps 1, 2, 3.
    CheckEq(md("5. e"),
            R"(<ol class="post-body__list" start="5"><li>e</li></ol>)",
            "md: ordered list keeps the number it announced");
    // Blank lines between items are spacing, not seven one-item lists.
    CheckEq(md("1. a\n\n2. b"),
            R"(<ol class="post-body__list"><li>a</li><li>b</li></ol>)",
            "md: blank line inside a list does not split it");
    CheckEq(md("---"), "<hr>", "md: thematic break");
    CheckEq(md("- - -"), "<hr>", "md: spaced rule is not a one-item list");
    // Whitespace in pasted terminal output is the content.
    CheckEq(md("```\n  a\tb\n```"),
            "<pre class=\"post-body__code\"><code>  a\tb\n</code></pre>",
            "md: fenced code is verbatim");
    // An unterminated fence must not swallow the document into nothing.
    Check(md("```\nx").View().find("<code>x") != std::string_view::npos,
          "md: unterminated fence still renders its content");

    // ── inline ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    CheckEq(md("**bold**"), "<p><strong>bold</strong></p>", "md: strong");
    CheckEq(md("*em*"), "<p><em>em</em></p>", "md: emphasis");
    CheckEq(md("2 * 3 * 4"), "<p>2 * 3 * 4</p>", "md: spaced asterisks stay literal");
    // Underscores are deliberately inert: these posts paste kernel symbol
    // names into prose, and italicising half of one is worse than not
    // italicising a word that used the underscore form.
    CheckEq(md("kworker/u16:8-qc_ufs_qos_swq"),
            "<p>kworker/u16:8-qc_ufs_qos_swq</p>", "md: underscores are not emphasis");
    CheckEq(md("\\*literal\\*"), "<p>*literal*</p>", "md: backslash escape");
    CheckEq(md("[label](https://x.example/y)"),
            R"(<p><a href="https://x.example/y" rel="noopener">label</a></p>)", "md: link");
    // Bare addresses are pasted constantly in these posts; leaving them inert
    // would strip most of the outbound value out of the page.
    CheckEq(md("see https://x.example/y"),
            R"(<p>see <a href="https://x.example/y">https://x.example/y</a></p>)",
            "md: bare URL autolinked");

    // ── embedded media ────────────────────────────────────────────────
    // A paragraph that is nothing but images becomes the same media block the
    // cards use, rather than a <p> of pictures.
    CheckEq(md("![a](/media/x.webp)"),
            R"(<div class="post-media"><img class="post-media__item" loading="lazy" )"
            R"(decoding="async" alt="a" src="/media/x.webp"></div>)",
            "md: image-only paragraph is a media block");
    Check(md("text ![a](/media/x.webp)").View().starts_with("<p>text <img"),
          "md: an image inside a sentence stays inline");

    // Dimensions come from the sidecar list, because Markdown syntax has
    // nowhere to carry them — and without them the prose below every
    // screenshot jumps as the file arrives.
    {
        std::vector<PostMedia> media;
        PostMedia img;
        img.src = "/media/x.webp";
        img.kind = "image";
        img.avif = "/media/x.avif";
        img.fallback = "/media/x.png";
        img.width = 800;
        img.height = 600;
        media.push_back(img);

        PostMedia vid;
        vid.src = "/media/v.mp4";
        vid.kind = "video";
        vid.poster = "/media/v.poster.webp";
        vid.fallback = "/media/v.h264.mp4";
        vid.width = 1080;
        vid.height = 1920;
        media.push_back(vid);

        const auto out = md("![a](/media/x.webp)", media);
        Check(out.View().find(R"(width="800" height="600")") != std::string_view::npos,
              "md: inline image carries its dimensions", out.View());
        // Routed through :Media, so a body image gets the same format ladder a
        // card image does rather than a second, plainer implementation.
        Check(out.View().find(R"(<source srcset="/media/x.avif" type="image/avif">)")
                  != std::string_view::npos
                  && out.View().find(R"(src="/media/x.png")") != std::string_view::npos,
              "md: inline image gets the avif/png ladder", out.View());

        // An inline video gets the same treatment a headline one does,
        // fallback source and all.
        const auto vout = md("![](/media/v.mp4)", media);
        Check(vout.View().find(R"(poster="/media/v.poster.webp")") != std::string_view::npos
                  && vout.View().find("codecs=av01") != std::string_view::npos
                  && vout.View().find(R"(<source src="/media/v.h264.mp4")") != std::string_view::npos,
              "md: inline video gets poster and H.264 fallback", vout.View());
    }

    // ── termination ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
    // Unbalanced delimiters are the classic way to hang a hand-written
    // parser, and a body is input from someone else's server.
    Check(!md("**unclosed").View().empty(), "md: unclosed strong terminates");
    Check(!md("[unclosed](").View().empty(), "md: unclosed link terminates");
    Check(!md("![](").View().empty(), "md: unclosed image terminates");
    Check(!md("`unclosed").View().empty(), "md: unclosed code span terminates");
    Check(!md("> > > > > > > > deep").View().empty(), "md: over-deep nesting terminates");
}

// Post pages: the routing, the loader's guard on what becomes a URL, and the
// schema.org joins that keep every post attributed to the one Organization and
// the one Person the rest of the site describes.
void RunPostSelfTest() {
    // ── routing ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    Check(ParseRoute("/posts").kind == RouteKind::Posts, "route: /posts is the list");
    Check(ParseRoute("/posts/hello-world").kind == RouteKind::Post, "route: /posts/<slug>");
    Check(ParseRoute("/posts/hello-world").slug == "hello-world", "route: post slug captured");
    Check(ParseRoute("/posts/hello-world/").kind == RouteKind::Post,
          "route: trailing slash normalised");
    Check(ParseRoute("/posts/Hello").kind == RouteKind::NotFound,
          "route: uppercase slug is not a post URL");
    Check(ParseRoute("/posts/../etc").kind == RouteKind::NotFound,
          "route: traversal never reaches a lookup");
    Check(NavKindFor(RouteKind::Post) == RouteKind::Posts,
          "route: a post page highlights the Posts nav entry");
    Check(NavKindFor(RouteKind::LegacyBlog) == RouteKind::Posts,
          "route: the retired /blog URL highlights it too");
    Check(NavKindFor(RouteKind::Shop) == RouteKind::Shop, "route: a nav route is its own entry");

    // ── the loader ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    {
        const auto posts = LoadPosts(R"([
            {"title":"Good","slug":"good-post","permalink":"https://i.example/post/1",
             "body":"Hello.","published":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z",
             "body_media":[{"src":"/media/a.webp","kind":"image","w":10,"h":20}]},
            {"title":"Bad slug","slug":"NOT A SLUG","permalink":"https://i.example/post/2",
             "body":"Hello."},
            {"title":"No body","slug":"no-body","permalink":"https://i.example/post/3"}
        ])");
        Check(posts.size() == 3, "posts: all three load");
        if (posts.size() == 3) {
            Check(posts[0].HasPage() && posts[0].slug == "good-post", "posts: valid slug kept");
            Check(posts[0].body == "Hello.", "posts: body loaded");
            Check(posts[0].bodyMedia.size() == 1 && posts[0].bodyMedia[0].width == 10,
                  "posts: body media loaded with dimensions");
            // A slug that could never match a route would render a "read more"
            // link to a 404 this site points at itself.
            Check(posts[1].slug.empty() && !posts[1].HasPage(),
                  "posts: malformed slug is dropped, costing the page");
            // A title and a link out is not a page worth minting a URL for.
            Check(!posts[2].HasPage(), "posts: no body means no page");
        }

        Views::SiteContent content;
        content.posts = posts;
        Check(content.FindPost("good-post") != nullptr, "posts: found by slug");
        Check(content.FindPost("no-body") == nullptr, "posts: a pageless post is not findable");
        Check(content.FindPost("nope") == nullptr, "posts: unknown slug is not found");
        // Which means the route 404s rather than rendering an empty article.
        Check(Views::RenderRoute(ParseRoute("/posts/no-body"), content).status == 404,
              "posts: a pageless slug is a real 404");
        Check(Views::RenderRoute(ParseRoute("/posts/good-post"), content).status == 200,
              "posts: a real post renders");
    }

    // ── the page ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    {
        Post p;
        p.title = "Working GPS!";
        p.slug = "working-gps";
        p.permalink = "https://lemmy.example/post/42";
        p.community = "linuxphones@lemmy.example";
        p.published = "2026-06-26T23:16:25Z";
        p.excerpt = "A short summary.";
        p.body = "# How\n\nIt works.";
        PostMedia m;
        m.src = "/media/shot.webp";
        m.kind = "image";
        p.media.push_back(m);

        const auto page = Views::RenderPost(p);
        Check(page.meta.canonical == "/posts/working-gps",
              "post page: canonical is this site, not the instance");
        Check(page.meta.ogType == "article", "post page: og:type is article");
        Check(page.meta.ogImage == "/media/shot.webp", "post page: og:image from the post media");
        Check(page.meta.description == p.excerpt, "post page: description is the excerpt");
        Check(page.main.View().find("<h2>How</h2>") != std::string_view::npos,
              "post page: the body is rendered, not escaped away");
        // The whole reason the body is hosted: the thread is still one click
        // away, and the reader is told where the discussion is.
        Check(page.main.View().find(p.permalink) != std::string_view::npos,
              "post page: still links the thread");

        // The identity graph, same joins every other page makes. A typo'd @id
        // still renders and still validates — it just quietly splits this post
        // away from the entity the rest of the site describes.
        auto ld = Json::Parse(page.meta.jsonLd);
        Check(ld && ld->IsObject() && ld->Str("@type") == "BlogPosting",
              "post schema: parses as a BlogPosting");
        if (ld && ld->IsObject()) {
            Check(ld->Str("url") == "https://catcrafts.net/posts/working-gps",
                  "post schema: url is the on-site page");
            Check(ld->Str("discussionUrl") == p.permalink,
                  "post schema: the thread is the discussion, not the content");
            Check(ld->Str("datePublished") == p.published, "post schema: publication date");
            const Json::Value* author = ld->Find("author");
            const Json::Value* publisher = ld->Find("publisher");
            Check(author && author->Str("@id") == "https://catcrafts.net/about#person",
                  "post schema: authored by the Person node on /about");
            Check(publisher && publisher->Str("@id") == "https://catcrafts.net/#organization",
                  "post schema: published by the Organization node");
        }

        // A post with a page is advertised as one from the list and from home;
        // one without keeps pointing at the thread, because there is nothing
        // here to send the reader to.
        const std::array<Post, 1> one{ p };
        const auto list = Views::RenderPosts(one);
        Check(list.main.View().find(R"(href="/posts/working-gps")") != std::string_view::npos,
              "posts list: links the on-site page");
        Check(list.main.View().find("Read the full post") != std::string_view::npos,
              "posts list: offers the full post");
        // Inside the excerpt paragraph, trailing the text — not a row of its
        // own below the media, where it was the same offer made a screen
        // further down.
        Check(list.main.View().find(
                  R"(A short summary. <a class="link-more" href="/posts/working-gps">)"
                  R"(Read the full post</a></p>)") != std::string_view::npos,
              "posts list: read-more trails the excerpt", list.main.View());

        // With no excerpt there is no sentence to continue, so it falls back to
        // a row rather than vanishing with the paragraph that would have held it.
        Post unexcerpted = p;
        unexcerpted.excerpt.clear();
        const std::array<Post, 1> bare{ unexcerpted };
        const auto listBare = Views::RenderPosts(bare);
        Check(listBare.main.View().find("Read the full post") != std::string_view::npos,
              "posts list: an excerptless post still offers the full post");

        Post bodyless = p;
        bodyless.body.clear();
        const std::array<Post, 1> none{ bodyless };
        const auto listNone = Views::RenderPosts(none);
        Check(listNone.main.View().find("Read the full post") == std::string_view::npos,
              "posts list: no read-more without a page to read");
        Check(listNone.main.View().find(p.permalink) != std::string_view::npos,
              "posts list: a pageless post still links its thread");
    }
}

void RunJsonSelfTest() {
    using namespace Catcrafts::Json;

    auto ok = [](std::string_view text) { return Parse(text).has_value(); };
    auto bad = [](std::string_view text) { return !Parse(text).has_value(); };

    // ── shapes ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    Check(ok("{}"), "json: empty object");
    Check(ok("[]"), "json: empty array");
    Check(ok(" \n\t {\"a\": 1} \n "), "json: surrounding whitespace");
    Check(ok("[1,2,3]"), "json: number array");
    Check(ok("{\"a\":{\"b\":[true,false,null]}}"), "json: nesting");

    // ── malformed input must be rejected, not partially accepted ──────
    Check(bad("{"), "json: unterminated object");
    Check(bad("[1,]"), "json: trailing comma");
    Check(bad("{\"a\":1,}"), "json: trailing comma in object");
    Check(bad("{'a':1}"), "json: single quotes");
    Check(bad("\"unterminated"), "json: unterminated string");
    Check(bad("{\"a\" 1}"), "json: missing colon");
    Check(bad("nul"), "json: bad literal");
    Check(bad("{} garbage"), "json: trailing content rejected");
    Check(bad("[1,2] [3]"), "json: concatenated documents rejected");
    Check(bad("\"raw\nnewline\""), "json: control char in string");
    Check(bad("01"), "json: leading zero");
    Check(bad("+1"), "json: leading plus");
    Check(bad("1."), "json: trailing decimal point");
    Check(bad(".5"), "json: bare fraction");
    Check(bad("1e"), "json: empty exponent");
    Check(bad("1e+"), "json: exponent sign with no digits");
    Check(bad("-"), "json: lone minus");
    Check(bad("1e400"), "json: out of double range");
    Check(ok("0"), "json: zero");
    Check(ok("-0"), "json: negative zero");
    Check(ok("0.5"), "json: leading zero with fraction");
    Check(ok("-1.5e-3"), "json: full number grammar");
    Check(ok("1E+2"), "json: capital exponent");
    Check(bad(""), "json: empty input");

    // ── string decoding ───────────────────────────────────────────────
    auto strOf = [](std::string_view doc) -> std::string {
        auto v = Parse(doc);
        if (!v || !v->IsObject()) return "<parse-failed>";
        return std::string(v->Str("k"));
    };
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"a\"b"})") == "a\"b", "json: escaped quote");
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"a\\b"})") == "a\\b", "json: escaped backslash");
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"a\nb"})") == "a\nb", "json: newline escape");
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"A"})") == "A", "json: \\u ascii");
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"é"})") == "é", "json: \\u latin-1");
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"日"})") == "日", "json: \\u BMP");
    // Astral plane arrives as a UTF-16 surrogate pair. Encoding each half
    // separately yields invalid UTF-8 — emoji in Lemmy post titles are
    // exactly this case, so it has to be combined.
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"😺"})") == "\U0001F63A", "json: surrogate pair -> emoji");
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"\ud83d"})") == "�", "json: lone high surrogate -> U+FFFD");
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"\ude3a"})") == "�", "json: lone low surrogate -> U+FFFD");
    Check(strOf(R"({"k":"raw é ✓"})") == "raw é ✓", "json: raw utf-8 passthrough");

    // ── accessors ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    auto doc = Parse(R"({"s":"x","n":42,"neg":-7,"b":true,"nul":null})");
    Check(doc.has_value(), "json: accessor doc parses");
    if (doc) {
        Check(doc->Str("s") == "x", "json: Str");
        Check(doc->Int("n") == 42, "json: Int");
        Check(doc->Int("neg") == -7, "json: Int negative");
        Check(doc->Bool("b"), "json: Bool");
        Check(doc->Str("missing", "fallback") == "fallback", "json: Str fallback");
        Check(doc->Int("missing", 99) == 99, "json: Int fallback");
        // Wrong-typed field falls back rather than reinterpreting.
        Check(doc->Int("s", 5) == 5, "json: type mismatch falls back");
        Check(doc->Find("missing") == nullptr, "json: Find absent");
        Check(doc->Find("nul") != nullptr && doc->Find("nul")->IsNull(),
              "json: present-null distinguishable from absent");
    }

    // ── depth guard ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
    std::string deep(200, '[');
    Check(bad(deep), "json: deep nesting rejected, not stack overflow");
}

void RunFormSelfTest() {
    using namespace Catcrafts::Form;

    // ── urlencoded parsing ────────────────────────────────────────────
    auto parse = [](std::string_view b) { return ParseUrlEncoded(b); };

    auto f = parse("email=a%40b.example&country=NL");
    Check(f.has_value(), "form: basic body parses");
    if (f) {
        Check(f->Get("email") == "a@b.example", "form: %40 decodes to @");
        Check(f->Get("country") == "NL", "form: second field");
        Check(f->Get("missing").empty(), "form: absent field is empty");
        Check(!f->Has("missing"), "form: Has() distinguishes absent");
    }
    Check(parse("a=1&&b=2")->Size() == 2, "form: empty segment tolerated");
    Check(parse("a=1&")->Size() == 1, "form: trailing & tolerated");
    Check(parse("flag")->Has("flag"), "form: valueless key present");
    Check(parse("")->Size() == 0, "form: empty body");
    Check(parse("q=hello+world")->Get("q") == "hello world", "form: + is space");
    Check(parse("q=a%2Bb")->Get("q") == "a+b", "form: %2B is a literal plus");
    Check(parse("n=caf%C3%A9")->Get("n") == "café", "form: utf-8 percent-decoding");
    Check(parse("n=100%")->Get("n") == "100%", "form: malformed escape passes through");
    Check(parse("n=%zz")->Get("n") == "%zz", "form: non-hex escape passes through");
    // A field name is not allowed to be empty — "=x" is malformed, not a field.
    Check(!parse("=x").has_value(), "form: empty field name rejected");
    // Oversized input must be refused outright rather than truncated: acting on
    // half a form is worse than refusing it.
    Check(!parse(std::string(kMaxBodyBytes + 1, 'a')).has_value(), "form: oversized body rejected");
    Check(!parse("a=" + std::string(kMaxFieldBytes + 1, 'x')).has_value(), "form: oversized field rejected");

    // ── email shape ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
    Check(LooksLikeEmail("a@b.example"), "email: minimal");
    Check(LooksLikeEmail("first.last+tag@sub.domain.example"), "email: tagged, subdomain");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("no-at-sign"), "email: no @");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("@domain.example"), "email: empty local part");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("user@"), "email: empty domain");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("a@b@c.example"), "email: two @");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("user@dotless"), "email: dotless domain");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("user@.example"), "email: domain starts with dot");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("a b@c.example"), "email: embedded space");
    // Header-injection characters must never survive into anything that later
    // builds an email envelope.
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("a@b.example\nBcc: x@y.example"), "email: newline rejected");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("a@b.example\r\nSubject: x"), "email: CRLF rejected");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("a,b@c.example"), "email: comma rejected");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail("<a@b.example>"), "email: angle brackets rejected");
    Check(!LooksLikeEmail(std::string(250, 'a') + "@b.example"), "email: over 254 chars rejected");

    // ── country code ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
    Check(LooksLikeCountryCode("NL"), "country: uppercase");
    Check(LooksLikeCountryCode("ca"), "country: lowercase accepted");
    Check(!LooksLikeCountryCode("NLD"), "country: three letters rejected");
    Check(!LooksLikeCountryCode("N"), "country: one letter rejected");
    Check(!LooksLikeCountryCode("N1"), "country: digit rejected");
    Check(!LooksLikeCountryCode(""), "country: empty rejected");
    Check(Upper("nl") == "NL", "country: normalised to upper");

    // ── trimming ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    Check(Trim("  x  ") == "x", "trim: spaces");
    Check(Trim("\t\r\nx\n") == "x", "trim: tabs and newlines");
    Check(Trim("   ").empty(), "trim: all whitespace");

    // ── checkout validation ───────────────────────────────────────────
    constexpr std::string_view kGoodOrder =
        "email=a%40b.example&name=Ada&street=Main%20St%201&postal=1234AB&city=Delft&country=nl";

    auto validate = [](std::string_view body) {
        return ValidateCheckout(*ParseUrlEncoded(body));
    };

    auto good = validate(kGoodOrder);
    Check(good.Ok(), "checkout: valid submission accepted");
    Check(good.value.country == "NL", "checkout: country uppercased");
    Check(good.value.street == "Main St 1", "checkout: street decoded and kept");

    Check(!validate("name=Ada&street=x&postal=1&city=y&country=NL").Ok(),
          "checkout: missing email rejected");
    Check(!validate("email=a%40b.example&street=x&postal=1&city=y&country=NL").Ok(),
          "checkout: missing name rejected");
    Check(!validate("email=a%40b.example&name=Ada&postal=1&city=y&country=NL").Ok(),
          "checkout: missing street rejected");
    Check(!validate("email=a%40b.example&name=Ada&street=x&city=y&country=NL").Ok(),
          "checkout: missing postal rejected");
    Check(!validate("email=a%40b.example&name=Ada&street=x&postal=1&country=NL").Ok(),
          "checkout: missing city rejected");
    Check(!validate("email=a%40b.example&name=Ada&street=x&postal=1&city=y").Ok(),
          "checkout: missing country rejected");
    Check(!validate("email=nonsense&name=Ada&street=x&postal=1&city=y&country=NL").Ok(),
          "checkout: bad email rejected");

    // Every problem is reported at once — a form that surfaces one error per
    // submission makes people resubmit to discover the rest.
    Check(validate("email=&name=&street=&postal=&city=&country=").errors.size() == 6,
          "checkout: errors accumulate");

    // Honeypot: a filled hidden field means a bot. The message must not name
    // the trap, or it teaches the next one how to pass.
    auto pot = validate(std::string(kGoodOrder) + "&website=http%3A%2F%2Fspam");
    Check(!pot.Ok(), "checkout: honeypot rejects");
    Check(pot.errors.size() == 1 && pot.errors[0].message.find("honeypot") == std::string::npos
          && pot.errors[0].message.find("website") == std::string::npos,
          "checkout: honeypot failure does not name the trap");

    Check(!validate("email=a%40b.example&name=" + std::string(200, 'x')
                    + "&street=x&postal=1&city=y&country=NL").Ok(),
          "checkout: overlong name rejected");

    // Colour and quantity: shape checks here, catalogue checks in the handler.
    Check(validate(std::string(kGoodOrder) + "&color=green&quantity=2").Ok(),
          "checkout: colour and quantity accepted");
    Check(validate(std::string(kGoodOrder) + "&quantity=2").value.quantity == 2,
          "checkout: quantity parsed");
    Check(validate(kGoodOrder).value.quantity == 1, "checkout: quantity defaults to 1");
    Check(!validate(std::string(kGoodOrder) + "&quantity=0").Ok(),
          "checkout: zero quantity rejected");
    Check(validate(std::string(kGoodOrder) + "&quantity=9").Ok(),
          "checkout: bulk quantity welcome");
    Check(validate(std::string(kGoodOrder) + "&quantity=99").Ok(),
          "checkout: the technical ceiling itself is fine");
    Check(!validate(std::string(kGoodOrder) + "&quantity=100").Ok(),
          "checkout: past the technical ceiling rejected");
    Check(!validate(std::string(kGoodOrder) + "&quantity=two").Ok(),
          "checkout: non-numeric quantity rejected");
    Check(!validate(std::string(kGoodOrder) + "&color=" + std::string(40, 'x')).Ok(),
          "checkout: oversized colour rejected");

    // A rejected field must still come back, or the visitor has to retype the
    // one thing they got wrong — the fastest way to lose a submission.
    auto rejected = validate("email=notanemail&name=Ada&street=Main%201&postal=1&city=y&country=NLD");
    Check(!rejected.Ok(), "checkout: invalid pair rejected");
    Check(rejected.value.email == "notanemail", "checkout: invalid email echoed back");
    Check(rejected.value.country == "NLD", "checkout: invalid country echoed back as typed");
    Check(rejected.value.name == "Ada", "checkout: valid sibling field preserved");
}

void RunMoneySelfTest() {
    using namespace Catcrafts::Money;

    // ── formatting ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
    Check(FormatMinor(58000) == "580.00", "money: wire format");
    Check(FormatMinor(47934) == "479.34", "money: wire format with cents");
    Check(FormatMinor(5) == "0.05", "money: sub-unit");
    Check(FormatMinor(0) == "0.00", "money: zero");
    Check(FormatEuro(58000) == "€580", "money: whole euros displayed bare");
    Check(FormatEuro(47934) == "€479.34", "money: cents displayed when present");

    // ── VAT arithmetic ────────────────────────────────────────────────
    // €580.00 gross at 21%: net = 58000/1.21 = 47933.88... -> 47934 half-up.
    Check(NetFromGross(58000) == 47934, "vat: net from €580 gross");
    // The derived pair must reconstruct plausibly: net + vat == gross.
    Check(58000 - NetFromGross(58000) == 10066, "vat: vat portion exact");
    Check(NetFromGross(0) == 0, "vat: zero");
    Check(NetFromGross(121) == 100, "vat: €1.21 -> €1.00 exactly");
    // The gross-up direction, used to charge carrier costs without eating
    // the VAT slice: €7.13 cost -> €8.63 charged, and the pair round-trips.
    Check(GrossFromNet(713) == 863, "vat: gross from €7.13 net");
    Check(NetFromGross(GrossFromNet(713)) == 713, "vat: gross-up round-trips");
    Check(GrossFromNet(100) == 121, "vat: €1.00 -> €1.21 exactly");
    Check(GrossFromNet(0) == 0, "vat: gross-up zero");

    // ── zones and membership ──────────────────────────────────────────
    Check(IsEuCountry("NL") && IsEuCountry("DE") && IsEuCountry("FR"), "eu: members");
    Check(!IsEuCountry("GB"), "eu: UK left");
    Check(!IsEuCountry("CH") && !IsEuCountry("NO"), "eu: EFTA is not EU");
    Check(!IsEuCountry("CA") && !IsEuCountry("US"), "eu: north america");
    Check(!IsEuCountry("nl"), "eu: lowercase is not a member (normalise first)");
    Check(ZoneFor("NL") == Zone::Nl, "zone: home");
    Check(ZoneFor("DE") == Zone::Eu, "zone: eu");
    Check(ZoneFor("CA") == Zone::World, "zone: world");

    // ── order totals ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
    Check(ZoneShipping(1500, 2500, 5500, "NL") == 1500, "ship: NL zone");
    Check(ZoneShipping(1500, 2500, 5500, "DE") == 2500, "ship: EU zone");
    Check(ZoneShipping(1500, 2500, 5500, "CA") == 5500, "ship: world zone");

    // NL: gross + shipping, VAT included in both.
    auto nl = ComputeTotals(58000, 1, 1500, "NL");
    Check(nl.goods == 58000 && nl.shipping == 1500 && nl.total == 59500,
          "totals: NL");
    Check(nl.vatIncluded, "totals: NL includes VAT");
    Check(nl.vatCharged == 59500 - NetFromGross(59500), "totals: NL VAT covers shipping");

    auto de = ComputeTotals(58000, 1, 2500, "DE");
    Check(de.goods == 58000 && de.shipping == 2500 && de.total == 60500,
          "totals: EU");

    // Export: net goods, world shipping, no VAT.
    auto ca = ComputeTotals(58000, 1, 5500, "CA");
    Check(ca.goods == 47934 && ca.shipping == 5500 && ca.total == 53434,
          "totals: export");
    Check(!ca.vatIncluded && ca.vatCharged == 0, "totals: export carries no VAT");

    // Quantity: the export net is derived from the LINE total, not per unit —
    // per-unit rounding times qty would differ by a cent here, and the JS
    // preview mirrors this exact formula.
    auto ca2 = ComputeTotals(57500, 2, 5500, "CA");
    Check(ca2.goods == NetFromGross(115000), "totals: qty nets the line, not the unit");
    Check(ca2.goods == 95041, "totals: 2× green export net exact");
    auto nl2 = ComputeTotals(57500, 3, 1500, "NL");
    Check(nl2.goods == 172500 && nl2.total == 174000, "totals: qty multiplies gross");

    // ── the compiled-in catalogue ─────────────────────────────────────
    // Content is code now; these assertions are the contract the shop pages
    // rely on, checked against the actual shipped data.
    {
        const auto& products = Content::Products();
        Check(products.size() == 1, "content: one product");
        if (products.size() == 1) {
            const Product& pr = products[0];
            Check(pr.slug == "fp6-pmos", "content: product slug");
            // Coming-soon is the pre-launch state; launch flips it to
            // "available" and this check keeps passing either way.
            Check(pr.Buyable() || pr.ComingSoon(),
                  "content: product is buyable or deliberately coming soon");
            Check(pr.variants.size() == 3, "content: three colours");
            // Cost-plus pricing, derived in code: supplier + €50, exactly.
            Check(pr.FindVariant("green") && pr.FindVariant("green")->priceInclMinor == 56330,
                  "content: green = 513.30 supplier + 50 markup");
            Check(pr.FindVariant("black") && pr.FindVariant("black")->priceInclMinor == 56930,
                  "content: black = 519.30 supplier + 50 markup");
            Check(pr.FindVariant("white") && pr.FindVariant("white")->priceInclMinor == 65488,
                  "content: white = 604.88 supplier + 50 markup");
            Check(pr.FindVariant("mauve") == nullptr, "content: unknown colour is null");
            Check(pr.priceInclMinor == 56330, "content: from-price is the cheapest variant");
            Check(pr.CheapestVariant() && pr.CheapestVariant()->slug == "green",
                  "content: cheapest is green");
            Check(pr.safetyNote.find("112") != std::string::npos
                      && pr.safetyNote.find("not yet verified") != std::string::npos,
                  "content: emergency-calling safety warning present and honest");
            Check(pr.warranty.find("TODO") == std::string::npos && pr.warranty.size() > 100,
                  "content: warranty is written, not a placeholder");
            // The product page's schema.org record must parse with our own
            // JSON parser and carry one variant Product per colour, each
            // with its ONE offer — built from the same integers the
            // checkout charges.
            {
                auto pp = Views::RenderProduct(pr, Rates{});
                auto ld = Json::Parse(pp.meta.jsonLd);
                bool variantsOk = false;
                if (ld && ld->IsObject()) {
                    if (const Json::Value* v = ld->Find("hasVariant");
                        v && v->IsArray() && v->array.size() == pr.variants.size()) {
                        variantsOk = true;
                        for (const Json::Value& node : v->array) {
                            const Json::Value* o = node.Find("offers");
                            variantsOk = variantsOk && node.Str("@type") == "Product"
                                         && o && o->IsObject();
                        }
                    }
                }
                Check(ld && ld->IsObject() && ld->Str("@type") == "ProductGroup" && variantsOk,
                      "schema: product JSON-LD parses, one variant per colour");
                // Merchant-grade fields: shipping, returns, sku, group id —
                // what Merchant Center's website-crawl feed reads at launch
                // (productGroupID is its item_group_id).
                Check(pp.meta.jsonLd.find("OfferShippingDetails") != std::string::npos
                          && pp.meta.jsonLd.find("MerchantReturnPolicy") != std::string::npos
                          && pp.meta.jsonLd.find("\"sku\"") != std::string::npos
                          && pp.meta.jsonLd.find("\"productGroupID\"") != std::string::npos,
                      "schema: variants carry shipping, returns, sku and group id");
            }
        }
        Check(!Content::Projects().empty(), "content: projects present");
        Check(Content::LegalPages().size() == 3, "content: three legal pages");
        Check(Content::AboutPage().sections.size() >= 3
                  && !Content::AboutPage().sections[0].body.empty()
                  && Content::AboutPage().sections[0].body[0].find("Jorijn van der Graaf")
                         != std::string::npos,
              "content: about page names the founder");
        Check(!Content::Demos().empty(), "content: demos present");
    }

    // ── the identity graph ────────────────────────────────────────────
    // "Catcrafts" is two common words with no space, so it competes with a
    // decade of kids' craft blogs, Etsy and a Minecraft server on the
    // singular domain. The way out is not prose: it is one registered entity
    // that every page points at by @id. Those joins are worth asserting
    // because breaking one is silent — a typo'd @id still renders, still
    // validates as JSON-LD, and still splits the graph back into three
    // same-named strangers, which is the exact failure this markup exists to
    // prevent.
    {
        constexpr std::string_view kOrgId = "https://catcrafts.net/#organization";

        auto home = Views::RenderHome(Content::Projects(), std::span<const Post>{});
        auto ld = Json::Parse(home.meta.jsonLd);
        const Json::Value* org = nullptr;
        const Json::Value* site = nullptr;
        if (ld && ld->IsObject()) {
            if (const Json::Value* g = ld->Find("@graph"); g && g->IsArray()) {
                for (const Json::Value& node : g->array) {
                    if (node.Str("@type") == "Organization") org = &node;
                    if (node.Str("@type") == "WebSite")      site = &node;
                }
            }
        }
        Check(org && site, "schema: home graph parses, carries Organization and WebSite");

        if (org && site) {
            Check(org->Str("@id") == kOrgId, "schema: organization node is identified");
            Check(site->Str("@id") == "https://catcrafts.net/#website",
                  "schema: website node is identified");
            // The join that makes two nodes one entity rather than two.
            const Json::Value* publisher = site->Find("publisher");
            Check(publisher && publisher->IsObject() && publisher->Str("@id") == kOrgId,
                  "schema: website is published by the organization node");
            // The navigational query "catcrafts" is answered from the site
            // entity, so the spellings people type belong on it.
            const Json::Value* alt = site->Find("alternateName");
            Check(alt && alt->IsArray() && !alt->array.empty(),
                  "schema: website carries the spellings people type");

            // Registry numbers, typed. These are the part no name-twin can
            // produce — each one is checkable against a public register,
            // which also means a wrong value is worse than no value.
            bool kvk = false, vat = false, eori = false;
            if (const Json::Value* ids = org->Find("identifier"); ids && ids->IsArray()) {
                for (const Json::Value& id : ids->array) {
                    if (id.Str("propertyID") == "KVK")  kvk  = id.Str("value") == "78437059";
                    if (id.Str("propertyID") == "VAT")  vat  = id.Str("value") == "NL003329281B38";
                    if (id.Str("propertyID") == "EORI") eori = id.Str("value") == "NL1900095326";
                }
            }
            Check(kvk && vat && eori, "schema: KVK, VAT and EORI present and exact");

            // The name-twin guard. "Cat Crafts" with a space is the generic
            // craft phrase owned by everyone else; claiming it as an alternate
            // name argues for merging this entity into the corpus it needs to
            // stay distinct from.
            Check(home.meta.jsonLd.find("Cat Crafts") == std::string::npos,
                  "schema: the spaced generic is not claimed as a brand name");
        }

        // Cross-page joins: both must name the SAME @id the home page defines.
        auto about = Views::RenderAbout(Content::AboutPage());
        Check(about.meta.jsonLd.find(kOrgId) != std::string::npos,
              "schema: about joins the founder to the organization node");
        if (!Content::Products().empty()) {
            auto pp = Views::RenderProduct(Content::Products()[0], Rates{});
            Check(pp.meta.jsonLd.find(kOrgId) != std::string::npos,
                  "schema: offers are sold by the organization node");
        }

        // The person join, same mechanism in the other direction: home's
        // founder and about's mainEntity must name one Person node, or "who
        // founded Catcrafts" splits into two same-named strangers too.
        constexpr std::string_view kPersonId = "https://catcrafts.net/about#person";
        Check(home.meta.jsonLd.find(kPersonId) != std::string::npos
                  && about.meta.jsonLd.find(kPersonId) != std::string::npos,
              "schema: founder and about name one Person node");
    }

    // ── the Sendcloud response parser ─────────────────────────────────
    {
        const auto table = Server::ParseSendcloudMethods(R"({"shipping_methods":[
            {"name":"Other Method","countries":[{"iso_2":"NL","price":1.00}]},
            {"name":"DHL For You Home","countries":[
                {"iso_2":"NL","price":6.25},
                {"iso_2":"DE","price":8.20},
                {"iso_2":"CA","price":42.50},
                {"iso_2":"XX","price":0},
                {"iso_2":"TOOLONG","price":5.00}]}]})", "DHL For You");
        Check(table.method == "DHL For You Home", "sendcloud: method matched by substring");
        Check(table.Find("NL") == 625, "sendcloud: NL price to cents");
        Check(table.Find("DE") == 820, "sendcloud: 8.20 rounds exactly");
        Check(table.Find("CA") == 4250, "sendcloud: CA price");
        Check(table.Find("XX") == 0, "sendcloud: zero price dropped");
        Check(table.Find("TOOLONG") == 0, "sendcloud: malformed iso dropped");
        Check(Server::ParseSendcloudMethods("garbage", "x").perCountry.empty(),
              "sendcloud: malformed payload yields nothing");

        // Comma-separated merge: courier for Europe, post for the world; the
        // earlier method keeps any country both cover.
        const auto merged = Server::ParseSendcloudMethods(R"({"shipping_methods":[
            {"name":"DPD Home","countries":[
                {"iso_2":"NL","price":7.13},{"iso_2":"DE","price":10.49}]},
            {"name":"PostNL Parcels non-EU","countries":[
                {"iso_2":"CA","price":23.95},{"iso_2":"US","price":17.94},
                {"iso_2":"DE","price":99.99}]}]})",
            "DPD Home, PostNL Parcels non-EU");
        Check(merged.Find("NL") == 713 && merged.Find("CA") == 2395,
              "sendcloud: merged table covers both methods");
        Check(merged.Find("DE") == 1049,
              "sendcloud: earlier method wins a shared country");
        Check(merged.method == "DPD Home + PostNL Parcels non-EU",
              "sendcloud: merged method names recorded");
    }

    // ── indicative conversion ─────────────────────────────────────────
    // €580.00 at 1.0834 USD/EUR = $628.37 -> 628 whole units.
    Check(ConvertIndicative(58000, 1'083'400) == 628, "fx: converts to whole units");
    Check(ConvertIndicative(58000, 1'000'000) == 580, "fx: identity rate");
    auto ca$ = CurrencyFor("CA");
    Check(ca$.has_value() && ca$->code == "CAD", "fx: CA -> CAD");
    Check(!CurrencyFor("DE").has_value(), "fx: euro country has no conversion");
    Check(!CurrencyFor("XX").has_value(), "fx: unknown country has no conversion");
    if (ca$) {
        Check(FormatIndicative(*ca$, 920) == "≈ CA$920", "fx: display form");
    }

    // ── order tokens and references ───────────────────────────────────
    Check(IsOrderToken("0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"), "token: valid shape");
    Check(!IsOrderToken("0123456789ABCDEF0123456789ABCDEF"), "token: uppercase rejected");
    Check(!IsOrderToken("0123456789abcdef0123456789abcde"), "token: short rejected");
    Check(!IsOrderToken("0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdeg"), "token: non-hex rejected");
    const std::string tok = Server::NewOrderToken();
    Check(IsOrderToken(tok), "token: generator emits valid tokens", tok);
    Check(Server::NewOrderToken() != tok, "token: not constant");
    Check(Server::ReferenceFromToken("abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789") == "CC-ABCDEF",
          "reference: derived and uppercased");

    // ── the wire-amount parser (bunq responses) ───────────────────────
    using Server::ParseAmountToMinor;
    Check(ParseAmountToMinor("614.00") == 61400, "amount: normal");
    Check(ParseAmountToMinor("614") == 61400, "amount: no fraction");
    Check(ParseAmountToMinor("614.5") == 61450, "amount: one fraction digit");
    Check(ParseAmountToMinor("0.01") == 1, "amount: one cent");
    Check(!ParseAmountToMinor("614.005").has_value(), "amount: three decimals rejected");
    Check(!ParseAmountToMinor("-1.00").has_value(), "amount: negative rejected");
    Check(!ParseAmountToMinor("+1.00").has_value(), "amount: sign rejected");
    Check(!ParseAmountToMinor("1e3").has_value(), "amount: exponent rejected");
    Check(!ParseAmountToMinor("1.").has_value(), "amount: trailing dot rejected");
    Check(!ParseAmountToMinor(".5").has_value(), "amount: bare fraction rejected");
    Check(!ParseAmountToMinor("").has_value(), "amount: empty rejected");
    Check(!ParseAmountToMinor("1 000.00").has_value(), "amount: separator rejected");

    // ── the Mollie payment parser ─────────────────────────────────────
    {
        const auto p1 = Server::ParseMolliePayment(R"({
            "resource":"payment","id":"tr_7UhSN1zuXS","status":"open","method":null,
            "amount":{"value":"578.30","currency":"EUR"},
            "_links":{"checkout":{"href":"https://www.mollie.com/checkout/select-method/7UhSN1zuXS","type":"text/html"}}})");
        Check(p1.has_value(), "mollie: open payment parses");
        if (p1) {
            Check(p1->id == "tr_7UhSN1zuXS", "mollie: id");
            Check(p1->status == "open", "mollie: status");
            Check(p1->amountMinor == 57830, "mollie: amount to cents");
            Check(p1->checkoutUrl == "https://www.mollie.com/checkout/select-method/7UhSN1zuXS",
                  "mollie: checkout link");
            Check(p1->method.empty(), "mollie: null method is empty");
        }
        const auto p2 = Server::ParseMolliePayment(R"({
            "id":"tr_x","status":"paid","method":"ideal",
            "amount":{"value":"578.30","currency":"EUR"},"_links":{}})");
        Check(p2 && p2->status == "paid" && p2->method == "ideal",
              "mollie: paid payment carries the method");
        const auto p3 = Server::ParseMolliePayment(R"({
            "id":"tr_y","status":"paid","amount":{"value":"578.30","currency":"USD"}})");
        Check(p3 && p3->amountMinor == 0, "mollie: non-EUR amount refuses to count");
        Check(!Server::ParseMolliePayment("garbage").has_value(),
              "mollie: malformed payload rejected");
        Check(!Server::ParseMolliePayment(R"({"status":"open"})").has_value(),
              "mollie: missing id rejected");
    }

    // ── the invoice builder ───────────────────────────────────────────
    {
        Server::OrderRecord o;
        o.token = "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef";
        o.reference = "CC-TEST01";
        o.invoiceNumber = "f57c6512-f012-4b91-adb3-077876480178-7";
        o.invoicedAt = "2026-08-05T10:00:00Z";
        o.createdAt = "2026-08-05T09:55:00Z";
        o.paidVia = "ideal";
        o.buyer = { "b@example.org", "Ada Lovelace", "Main St 1", "1234AB",
                    "Delft", "NL" };
        o.quantity = 2;
        o.unitMinor = 56330;
        o.goodsMinor = 112660;
        o.shippingMinor = 863;
        o.totalMinor = 113523;
        o.vatIncluded = true;

        const std::string eu = Server::BuildInvoiceMarkdown(o, "Fairphone 6", "Forest Green");
        Check(eu.find("# Invoice f57c6512-f012-4b91-adb3-077876480178-7") != std::string::npos,
              "invoice: number heading");
        Check(eu.find("* Customer number: f57c6512-f012-4b91-adb3-077876480178") != std::string::npos,
              "invoice: customer series shown separately");
        Check(eu.find("* Invoice number: 7") != std::string::npos,
              "invoice: sequence within the series");
        Check(eu.find("Chico Mendesring 256") != std::string::npos, "invoice: seller address");
        Check(eu.find("3315NN Dordrecht") != std::string::npos, "invoice: seller city");
        Check(eu.find("KVK 78437059") != std::string::npos, "invoice: KVK");
        Check(eu.find("NL003329281B38") != std::string::npos, "invoice: VAT id");
        Check(eu.find("CC-TEST01") != std::string::npos, "invoice: order reference");
        Check(eu.find("Ada Lovelace") != std::string::npos, "invoice: buyer name");
        Check(eu.find("Fairphone 6 — Forest Green") != std::string::npos,
              "invoice: item names the colour");
        Check(eu.find("VAT 21% (NL)") != std::string::npos, "invoice: EU VAT line");
        Check(eu.find("€1135.23") != std::string::npos, "invoice: EU total");
        Check(eu.find("zero-rated") == std::string::npos, "invoice: EU is not an export");

        o.vatIncluded = false;
        o.buyer.country = "CA";
        o.goodsMinor = 93107;
        o.shippingMinor = 2395;
        o.totalMinor = 95502;
        const std::string ex = Server::BuildInvoiceMarkdown(o, "Fairphone 6", "Forest Green");
        Check(ex.find("VAT 0%") != std::string::npos, "invoice: export VAT 0%");
        Check(ex.find("art. 146") != std::string::npos, "invoice: export legal basis");
        Check(ex.find("€955.02") != std::string::npos, "invoice: export total");

        // ── the order confirmation email ──────────────────────────────
        // Same order, EU shape again; the attachment stands in for the
        // clearsigned invoice — the builder must carry it verbatim.
        o.vatIncluded = true;
        o.buyer.country = "NL";
        o.goodsMinor = 112660;
        o.shippingMinor = 863;
        o.totalMinor = 113523;
        const std::string mail = Server::BuildOrderConfirmationEmail(
            o, "Fairphone 6", "Forest Green", "Catcrafts <info@catcrafts.net>",
            "https://catcrafts.net/order/0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef",
            "SIGNED-INVOICE-STAND-IN\n", "Fri, 08 Aug 2026 10:00:00 +0000");
        Check(mail.find("From: Catcrafts <info@catcrafts.net>\n") != std::string::npos,
              "email: From header");
        Check(mail.find("To: b@example.org\n") != std::string::npos, "email: To header");
        Check(mail.find("Subject: Catcrafts order CC-TEST01 confirmed\n") != std::string::npos,
              "email: subject carries the reference");
        Check(mail.find("Date: Fri, 08 Aug 2026 10:00:00 +0000\n") != std::string::npos,
              "email: date header");
        Check(mail.find("Message-ID: <0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef@catcrafts.net>\n")
                  != std::string::npos,
              "email: message id from the token");
        Check(mail.find("MIME-Version: 1.0\n") != std::string::npos, "email: mime version");
        Check(mail.find("multipart/mixed") != std::string::npos, "email: multipart");
        Check(mail.find("Fairphone 6 — Forest Green × 2") != std::string::npos,
              "email: item names colour and quantity");
        Check(mail.find("€1135.23") != std::string::npos, "email: total");
        Check(mail.find("incl. 21% NL VAT") != std::string::npos, "email: EU VAT wording");
        Check(mail.find("* Paid via: ideal\n") != std::string::npos, "email: payment method");
        Check(mail.find("https://catcrafts.net/order/0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef")
                  != std::string::npos,
              "email: order page link");
        Check(mail.find("filename=\"catcrafts-invoice-"
                        "f57c6512-f012-4b91-adb3-077876480178-7.md\"") != std::string::npos,
              "email: attachment filename is the invoice number");
        Check(mail.find("SIGNED-INVOICE-STAND-IN\n") != std::string::npos,
              "email: attachment body verbatim");
        Check(mail.find("--=_cc_0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef--\n") != std::string::npos,
              "email: multipart closes");
        Check(mail.find("KVK 78437059") != std::string::npos, "email: footer identity");

        // The export wording mirrors the invoice's VAT treatment.
        o.vatIncluded = false;
        o.buyer.country = "CA";
        o.totalMinor = 95502;
        const std::string exMail = Server::BuildOrderConfirmationEmail(
            o, "Fairphone 6", "Forest Green", "Catcrafts <info@catcrafts.net>",
            "https://catcrafts.net/order/x", "S\n", "Fri, 08 Aug 2026 10:00:00 +0000");
        Check(exMail.find("zero-rated export") != std::string::npos,
              "email: export VAT wording");
        Check(exMail.find("€955.02") != std::string::npos, "email: export total");

        // A single unit does not advertise a quantity.
        o.quantity = 1;
        const std::string one = Server::BuildOrderConfirmationEmail(
            o, "Fairphone 6", "Forest Green", "Catcrafts <info@catcrafts.net>",
            "https://catcrafts.net/order/x", "S\n", "Fri, 08 Aug 2026 10:00:00 +0000");
        Check(one.find("Forest Green ×") == std::string::npos, "email: qty 1 stays silent");

        // The last line of defence: an address that could smuggle a header
        // yields NO message at all, however it got into the record.
        o.buyer.email = "a@b.example\nBcc: leak@evil.example";
        Check(Server::BuildOrderConfirmationEmail(
                  o, "F", "", "x", "u", "S", "D").empty(),
              "email: header-injecting address yields no message");
    }

    // ── rates loader ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
    const Rates r = LoadRates(
        R"({"date":"2026-08-04","micro_per_eur":{"USD":1083400,"CAD":1489000}})");
    Check(r.date == "2026-08-04", "rates: date");
    Check(r.Find("USD") == 1'083'400, "rates: lookup");
    Check(r.Find("XXX") == 0, "rates: absent is zero");
    Check(LoadRates("garbage").microPerEur.empty(), "rates: malformed input yields none");
}

std::string ReadFile(const std::filesystem::path& p) {
    std::ifstream in(p, std::ios::binary);
    if (!in) return {};
    std::ostringstream buf;
    buf << in.rdbuf();
    return buf.str();
}

// Load content/ from disk. The wasm host reads the same bytes out of the VFS
// instead; the loaders are shared, so only the source of the bytes differs.
// Content loader for the CLI modes (--render, --routes, --sitemap, --feed).
//
// Must stay in step with Server::LoadContent, which the --serve path uses. They
// are separate because the CLI wants a value it can pass around while the server
// keeps process-wide state — but a field added to one and forgotten in the other
// shows up as content silently missing from exactly one code path, which is how
// products came to be absent from --routes and --sitemap while the live server
// served them fine.
Views::SiteContent LoadContent(const std::filesystem::path& root) {
    Views::SiteContent c;
    c.projects = Content::Projects();
    c.products = Content::Products();
    c.legal    = Content::LegalPages();
    c.demos    = Content::Demos();
    c.posts    = LoadPosts(ReadFile(root / "posts.json"));
    c.rates    = LoadRates(ReadFile(root / "rates.json"));
    return c;
}

} // namespace

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    const std::vector<std::string_view> args(argv + 1, argv + argc);
    const auto has = [&](std::string_view f) {
        return std::find(args.begin(), args.end(), f) != args.end();
    };

    if (has("--selftest")) {
        RunSelfTest();
        RunJsonSelfTest();
        RunFormSelfTest();
        RunMoneySelfTest();
        RunMediaSelfTest();
        RunMarkdownSelfTest();
        RunPostSelfTest();
        if (failures == 0) {
            std::println("Catcrafts.Shared self-test: all assertions passed");
            return 0;
        }
        std::println(std::cerr, "Catcrafts.Shared self-test: {} failure(s)", failures);
        return 1;
    }

    // --render <path>: emit the full server-rendered document for a route.
    //
    // This is the SSR path in miniature, and it is how the markup gets
    // inspected without a browser: same renderers, same content files, same
    // output the server will eventually put on the wire.
    if (args.size() >= 2 && args[0] == "--render") {
        const Views::SiteContent content = LoadContent("content");
        const Route route = ParseRoute(args[1]);
        const Views::RenderedPage page = Views::RenderRoute(route, content);
        std::print("{}", Views::RenderDocument(
            page,
            Views::RenderNav(NavKindFor(route.kind)),
            Views::RenderFooter(),
            /*bootScripts=*/"",   // no wasm on a plain server render
            /*cssHref=*/"/styles.css"));
        return 0;
    }

    // --sitemap / --feed: generated from the same route table and Post model
    // the pages use, so they cannot drift from what the site actually serves.
    // The checked-in sitemap.xml this replaces still listed three blog posts
    // that no longer exist.
    //
    // Html::Escape's output is valid XML text: &amp; &lt; &gt; &quot; are
    // shared with XML, and it emits an apostrophe as the numeric reference
    // &#39; rather than the HTML-only &apos;. So no separate XML escaper.
    if (has("--sitemap")) {
        const Views::SiteContent content = LoadContent("content");
        std::print("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n"
                   "<urlset xmlns=\"http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9\">\n");
        for (std::string_view p : SitemapPaths()) {
            std::print("  <url><loc>https://catcrafts.net{}</loc></url>\n",
                       Html::Escape(p).Str());
        }
        // Product URLs come from the loaded catalogue rather than a second
        // hardcoded list, so the sitemap cannot advertise a product that does
        // not exist or miss one that does.
        for (const Product& pr : content.products) {
            std::print("  <url><loc>https://catcrafts.net/shop/{}</loc></url>\n",
                       Html::Escape(pr.slug).Str());
        }
        // Same rule as the served sitemap: only posts that actually have a
        // page. Both must agree, because this is the copy baked into the wasm
        // bundle and that one is what a crawler fetches.
        for (const Post& po : content.posts) {
            if (!po.HasPage()) continue;
            std::print("  <url><loc>https://catcrafts.net/posts/{}</loc></url>\n",
                       Html::Escape(po.slug).Str());
        }
        std::print("</urlset>\n");
        return 0;
    }

    if (has("--feed")) {
        const Views::SiteContent content = LoadContent("content");
        std::print("{}", Views::RenderAtomFeed(content.posts));
        return 0;
    }

    // --routes: status + title for every route, for a quick smoke check.
    if (has("--routes")) {
        const Views::SiteContent content = LoadContent("content");
        for (std::string_view p : { "/", "/about", "/shop", "/shop/fp6-pmos", "/shop/nope",
                                    "/order/0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef",
                                    "/order/not-a-token",
                                    "/legal/privacy", "/legal/imprint",
                                    "/legal/terms", "/legal/nope",
                                    "/projects", "/posts", "/posts/nope", "/demos",
                                    "/demos/raytracer", "/demos/nope", "/demo",
                                    "/projects/", "/blog", "/blog/hello-world", "/nope" }) {
            const Route r = ParseRoute(p);
            const Views::RenderedPage page = Views::RenderRoute(r, content);
            std::println("{:<22} status={} bytes={:<6} title={}",
                         p, page.status, page.main.Size(), page.meta.title);
        }
        return 0;
    }

    // --serve [port] [--content=DIR] [--webroot=DIR]
    //
    // Plaintext HTTP/1.1 for Caddy to reverse-proxy to; see
    // Catcrafts.Server-Http.cpp for why not HTTP/3.
    //
    // Both directories are options rather than fixed paths because the
    // development layout and the deployed layout differ: in the repo the
    // content sits in ./content and the wasm bundle under ./bin/Catcrafts.Net-*/,
    // while on the server the content is installed next to the binary and the
    // bundle IS the webroot Caddy serves.
    if (!args.empty() && args[0] == "--serve") {
        std::uint16_t port = 8081;
        std::filesystem::path contentDir = "content";
        std::filesystem::path webroot;
        // Default alongside the content in dev; the systemd unit points this at
        // /var/lib/catcrafts, which is deliberately NOT the web root — that
        // directory is publicly served and wiped by rsync --delete each deploy.
        std::filesystem::path ordersPath = "orders.jsonl";
        // Payment rail selection. Flags beat environment beats default. The
        // default is "whichever provider has a key, off otherwise" so a box
        // with no credentials serves the whole site minus checkout instead of
        // refusing to start. Mollie outranks bunq: bunq.me's per-method limits
        // (€500/card, nothing for non-EU buyers) disqualified it as the
        // checkout; the client is kept for a possible future account sweep.
        const char* mollieKey = std::getenv("MOLLIE_API_KEY");
        const char* bunqKey = std::getenv("BUNQ_API_KEY");
        std::string railMode = mollieKey && *mollieKey ? "mollie"
                             : bunqKey && *bunqKey     ? "bunq"
                                                       : "off";
        bool bunqSandbox = [] {
            const char* v = std::getenv("BUNQ_SANDBOX");
            return v && std::string_view(v) == "1";
        }();
        std::filesystem::path railState;
        std::string redirectBase = [] {
            const char* v = std::getenv("ORDER_REDIRECT_BASE");
            return v && *v ? std::string(v) : std::string("https://catcrafts.net");
        }();

        for (std::size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); ++i) {
            const std::string_view a = args[i];
            if (a.starts_with("--content=")) {
                contentDir = a.substr(10);
            } else if (a.starts_with("--webroot=")) {
                webroot = a.substr(10);
            } else if (a.starts_with("--orders=")) {
                ordersPath = a.substr(9);
            } else if (a.starts_with("--rail=")) {
                railMode = a.substr(7);
            } else if (a.starts_with("--bunq=")) {
                railMode = a.substr(7);   // legacy alias for --rail=
            } else if (a.starts_with("--rail-state=")) {
                railState = a.substr(13);
            } else if (a.starts_with("--bunq-state=")) {
                railState = a.substr(13); // legacy alias for --rail-state=
            } else if (a.starts_with("--redirect-base=")) {
                redirectBase = a.substr(16);
            } else {
                std::uint32_t parsed = 0;
                if (std::from_chars(a.data(), a.data() + a.size(), parsed).ec == std::errc{}
                    && parsed > 0 && parsed <= 65535) {
                    port = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(parsed);
                } else {
                    std::println(std::cerr, "--serve: unrecognised argument '{}'", a);
                    return 2;
                }
            }
        }

        // The bundle's index.html supplies the <script> tags with their
        // per-build ?v= cache buster, which is why they are read rather than
        // hardcoded — a hardcoded tag would silently serve a stale module.
        //
        // A missing bundle is NOT fatal: every route except /demo renders
        // completely without the wasm, so the site degrades to plain SSR
        // instead of refusing to start.
        std::filesystem::path bundleIndex;
        std::error_code ec;
        if (!webroot.empty()) {
            bundleIndex = webroot / "index.html";
            if (!std::filesystem::exists(bundleIndex, ec)) bundleIndex.clear();
        } else if (std::filesystem::is_directory("bin", ec)) {
            for (const auto& e : std::filesystem::directory_iterator("bin", ec)) {
                if (e.is_directory() && e.path().filename().string().starts_with("Catcrafts.Net-")) {
                    bundleIndex = e.path() / "index.html";
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        if (bundleIndex.empty()) {
            std::println(std::cerr,
                         "catcrafts-server: no wasm bundle index.html found; "
                         "/demo will render without the renderer");
        }

        if (!std::filesystem::is_directory(contentDir, ec)) {
            std::println(std::cerr, "catcrafts-server: content directory '{}' not found",
                         contentDir.string());
            return 2;
        }

        Server::SetOrdersPath(ordersPath);
        Server::LoadContent(contentDir, bundleIndex);
        // Refuse to serve an empty catalogue: it almost always means the
        // content path is wrong or a JSON file is malformed, and a silently
        // empty projects page looks like a design choice rather than a bug.
        if (Server::ContentProjectCount() == 0) {
            std::println(std::cerr,
                         "catcrafts-server: no projects loaded from '{}' — refusing to start",
                         contentDir.string());
            return 2;
        }

        // The rail. State (bunq session context, or the fake rail's paid
        // marker; Mollie needs none) defaults next to the orders file — same
        // directory, same lifecycle, same backup.
        if (railState.empty()) {
            railState = ordersPath;
            railState += (railMode == "fake") ? ".fake-paid" : ".bunq-state.json";
        }
        Server::RailConfig railCfg;
        railCfg.mode = railMode;
        railCfg.apiKey = railMode == "mollie" ? (mollieKey ? mollieKey : "")
                       : railMode == "bunq"   ? (bunqKey ? bunqKey : "")
                                              : "";
        railCfg.sandbox = bunqSandbox;
        railCfg.statePath = railState;
        railCfg.redirectBase = redirectBase;
        std::unique_ptr<Server::PaymentRail> rail = Server::MakeRail(railCfg);
        if ((railMode == "mollie" || railMode == "bunq") && railCfg.apiKey.empty()) {
            std::println(std::cerr,
                         "catcrafts-server: --rail={} but its API key env is not set — "
                         "refusing to start with a rail that cannot work", railMode);
            return 2;
        }

        Server::ConfigurePayments(std::move(rail), redirectBase);

        // Invoice signing: the GPG key uid/fingerprint; GNUPGHOME decides the
        // keyring. Unset means unsigned dev invoices with a visible marker.
        if (const char* v = std::getenv("INVOICE_GPG_KEY"); v && *v) {
            Server::ConfigureInvoicing(v);
        }

        // Order email: a sendmail-compatible command ("msmtp -t" on the
        // server) that reads the message on stdin and takes the recipient
        // from its headers. Unset means no email is sent — the order page
        // and invoice download remain the buyer's receipt.
        {
            Server::MailConfig mailCfg;
            if (const char* v = std::getenv("MAIL_COMMAND"); v && *v) mailCfg.command = v;
            if (const char* v = std::getenv("MAIL_FROM"); v && *v) mailCfg.from = v;
            Server::ConfigureMail(std::move(mailCfg));
        }

        // Sendcloud is optional: without credentials the compiled-in zone
        // table prices all shipping, which is exactly how dev and e2e run.
        // With credentials the refresh thread fetches per-country rates.
        Server::ShippingConfig shipCfg;
        if (const char* v = std::getenv("SENDCLOUD_PUBLIC_KEY")) shipCfg.publicKey = v;
        if (const char* v = std::getenv("SENDCLOUD_SECRET_KEY")) shipCfg.secretKey = v;
        if (const char* v = std::getenv("SENDCLOUD_METHOD"))     shipCfg.methodName = v;
        shipCfg.cachePath = ordersPath;
        shipCfg.cachePath += ".shipping.json";
        Server::ConfigureShipping(shipCfg);

        return Server::Serve(port);
    }

    // --orders [FILE]: the ledger, human-shaped. And the manual transitions —
    // the escape hatch for a payment bunq confirmed out-of-band (or a refund):
    //   --orders FILE --mark-paid TOKEN | --mark-shipped TOKEN | --cancel TOKEN
    if (!args.empty() && args[0] == "--orders") {
        std::filesystem::path file = "orders.jsonl";
        std::string markPaid, markShipped, cancel;
        for (std::size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); ++i) {
            const std::string_view a = args[i];
            auto next = [&]() -> std::string {
                return (i + 1 < args.size()) ? std::string(args[++i]) : std::string{};
            };
            if (a == "--mark-paid")         markPaid = next();
            else if (a == "--mark-shipped") markShipped = next();
            else if (a == "--cancel")       cancel = next();
            else                            file = a;
        }
        Server::SetOrdersPath(file);

        auto transition = [&](const std::string& token, std::string_view status) -> int {
            auto order = Server::FindOrder(token);
            if (!order) {
                std::println(std::cerr, "no such order: {}", token);
                return 1;
            }
            const std::string now = std::format(
                "{:%FT%TZ}", std::chrono::floor<std::chrono::seconds>(
                                 std::chrono::system_clock::now()));
            if (!Server::AppendOrderStatus(token, status, now)) {
                std::println(std::cerr, "could not append to {}", file.string());
                return 1;
            }
            if (status == "paid") Server::AssignInvoiceNumber(token, now);
            std::println("{}: {} -> {}", order->reference, order->status, status);
            return 0;
        };
        if (!markPaid.empty())    return transition(markPaid, "paid");
        if (!markShipped.empty()) return transition(markShipped, "shipped");
        if (!cancel.empty())      return transition(cancel, "cancelled");

        const auto orders = Server::ListOrders();
        std::println("orders: {}", orders.size());
        if (orders.empty()) return 0;
        std::println("");
        std::println("{:<10} {:<17} {:>10}  {:<3} {:<8} {:>3} {:<11} {:<20} {}",
                     "reference", "status", "total", "cc", "colour", "qty", "via",
                     "created", "token");
        for (const auto& o : orders) {
            std::println("{:<10} {:<17} {:>10}  {:<3} {:<8} {:>3} {:<11} {:<20} {}",
                         o.reference, o.status, Money::FormatMinor(o.totalMinor),
                         o.buyer.country, o.color.empty() ? "-" : o.color,
                         o.quantity, o.paidVia.empty() ? "-" : o.paidVia,
                         o.createdAt, o.token);
        }
        return 0;
    }

    std::println("catcrafts-server: --selftest | --render <path> | --routes | --sitemap | --feed\n"
                 "                  --serve [port] [--content=DIR] [--webroot=DIR] [--orders=FILE]\n"
                 "                          [--rail=off|fake|mollie|bunq] [--rail-state=FILE] [--redirect-base=URL]\n"
                 "                  --orders [FILE] [--mark-paid TOKEN | --mark-shipped TOKEN | --cancel TOKEN]\n"
                 "\n"
                 "environment: MOLLIE_API_KEY (test_… or live_…), BUNQ_API_KEY, BUNQ_SANDBOX=1,\n"
                 "             ORDER_REDIRECT_BASE, SENDCLOUD_PUBLIC_KEY/SECRET_KEY/METHOD,\n"
                 "             INVOICE_GPG_KEY, MAIL_COMMAND (e.g. 'msmtp -t'), MAIL_FROM");
    return 0;
}