2016-09-19 08:07:56 -03:00
|
|
|
.. _changes:
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016-10-26 16:34:09 -06:00
|
|
|
Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
Intro
|
|
|
|
|
=====
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
|
2022-04-19 11:48:52 -03:00
|
|
|
software necessary to run the current kernel version.
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
|
|
|
|
|
and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
|
|
|
|
|
Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
|
|
|
|
|
'net).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current Minimal Requirements
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
****************************
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
|
docs: changes/ver_linux: fix entries and add several tools
Some of the entries in both Documentation/process/changes.rst and
script/ver_linux were obsolete; update them to reflect the current way of
getting version information.
Many were missing altogether; add the relevant information for:
bash, bc, bindgen, btrfs-progs, Clang, gdb, GNU awk, GNU tar,
GRUB, GRUB2, gtags, iptables, kmod, mcelog, mkimage, openssl,
pahole, Python, Rust, Sphinx, squashfs-tools
Signed-off-by: Manuel Ebner <manuelebner@mailbox.org>
[jc: rewrote changelog]
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260325194616.78093-2-manuelebner@mailbox.org>
2026-03-25 20:46:17 +01:00
|
|
|
running, the suggested command should tell you. For a list of the programs
|
|
|
|
|
on your system including their version execute ./scripts/ver_linux
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2011-07-11 16:48:38 -07:00
|
|
|
Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
|
|
|
|
|
running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
|
2019-04-18 22:43:36 +02:00
|
|
|
systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC Card hardware, for example,
|
docs: changes/ver_linux: fix entries and add several tools
Some of the entries in both Documentation/process/changes.rst and
script/ver_linux were obsolete; update them to reflect the current way of
getting version information.
Many were missing altogether; add the relevant information for:
bash, bc, bindgen, btrfs-progs, Clang, gdb, GNU awk, GNU tar,
GRUB, GRUB2, gtags, iptables, kmod, mcelog, mkimage, openssl,
pahole, Python, Rust, Sphinx, squashfs-tools
Signed-off-by: Manuel Ebner <manuelebner@mailbox.org>
[jc: rewrote changelog]
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260325194616.78093-2-manuelebner@mailbox.org>
2026-03-25 20:46:17 +01:00
|
|
|
you probably do not need to concern yourself with pcmciautils.
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
====================== =============== ========================================
|
|
|
|
|
Program Minimal version Command to check the version
|
|
|
|
|
====================== =============== ========================================
|
scripts/check-local-export: avoid 'wait $!' for process substitution
Bash 4.4, released in 2016, supports 'wait $!' to check the exit status
of a process substitution, but it seems too new.
Some people using older bash versions (on CentOS 7, Ubuntu 16.04, etc.)
reported an error like this:
./scripts/check-local-export: line 54: wait: pid 17328 is not a child of this shell
I used the process substitution to avoid a pipeline, which executes each
command in a subshell. If the while-loop is executed in the subshell
context, variable changes within are lost after the subshell terminates.
Fortunately, Bash 4.2, released in 2011, supports the 'lastpipe' option,
which makes the last element of a pipeline run in the current shell process.
Switch to the pipeline with 'lastpipe' solution, and also set 'pipefail'
to catch errors from ${NM}.
Add the bash requirement to Documentation/process/changes.rst.
Fixes: 31cb50b5590f ("kbuild: check static EXPORT_SYMBOL* by script instead of modpost")
Reported-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Reported-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Reported-by: Wang Yugui <wangyugui@e16-tech.com>
Tested-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Tested-by: Jon Hunter <jonathanh@nvidia.com>
Acked-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> # LLVM-14 (x86-64)
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2022-06-08 10:11:00 +09:00
|
|
|
bash 4.2 bash --version
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
bc 1.06.95 bc --version
|
A busier cycle than I had expected for docs, including:
- Translations: some overdue updates to the Japanese translations, Chinese
translations for some of the Rust documentation, and the beginnings of a
Portuguese translation.
- New documents covering CPU isolation, managed interrupts, debugging
Python gbb scripts, and more.
- More tooling work from Mauro, reducing docs-build warnings, adding self
tests, improving man-page output, bringing in a proper C tokenizer to
replace (some of) the mess of kernel-doc regexes, and more.
- Update and synchronize changes.rst and scripts/ver_linux, and put both
into alphabetical order.
...and a long list of documentation updates, typo fixes, and general
improvements.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
iQFDBAABCgAtFiEEIw+MvkEiF49krdp9F0NaE2wMflgFAmnb9GkPHGNvcmJldEBs
d24ubmV0AAoJEBdDWhNsDH5YqnEH/R+9jPgcEsdaLGXxM0Li/obLMw2bzj+FhLOT
tpS53AcK34ObVg9Xe5CsrQyjaI7Advy5QevLTqC3ZpfN7sxAtCZ7alUT/u1pk5+u
P+OoB/jyD55KA/c5jgIQlgBn574fjaDIVD6W+sf0g9MhmOnDa/7EaOIEdvm+Xpey
Dxx/Sq0jBk4PziqeCz03txsh//+O/R/wXoRbHeqKIbs3XQt1DF1LLRc+Ni8RYBCB
PpCacoe1RpvaSG7CqXCwPB1bbiEPXRU3oiW2SPFcn0j4WyNtEJkv56g2lpzzWyCQ
Gc837Mmu29GifQyH4Vi0bnvLtFBC/x+rJKsvCmp8jFfu6sMpuew=
=liXF
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'docs-7.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/docs/linux
Pull documentation updates from Jonathan Corbet:
"A busier cycle than I had expected for docs, including:
- Translations: some overdue updates to the Japanese translations,
Chinese translations for some of the Rust documentation, and the
beginnings of a Portuguese translation.
- New documents covering CPU isolation, managed interrupts, debugging
Python gbb scripts, and more.
- More tooling work from Mauro, reducing docs-build warnings, adding
self tests, improving man-page output, bringing in a proper C
tokenizer to replace (some of) the mess of kernel-doc regexes, and
more.
- Update and synchronize changes.rst and scripts/ver_linux, and put
both into alphabetical order.
... and a long list of documentation updates, typo fixes, and general
improvements"
* tag 'docs-7.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/docs/linux: (162 commits)
Documentation: core-api: real-time: correct spelling
doc: Add CPU Isolation documentation
Documentation: Add managed interrupts
Documentation: seq_file: drop 2.6 reference
docs/zh_CN: update rust/index.rst translation
docs/zh_CN: update rust/quick-start.rst translation
docs/zh_CN: update rust/coding-guidelines.rst translation
docs/zh_CN: update rust/arch-support.rst translation
docs/zh_CN: sync process/2.Process.rst with English version
docs/zh_CN: fix an inconsistent statement in dev-tools/testing-overview
tracing: Documentation: Update histogram-design.rst for fn() handling
docs: sysctl: Add documentation for /proc/sys/xen/
Docs: hid: intel-ish-hid: make long URL usable
Documentation/kernel-parameters: fix architecture alignment for pt, nopt, and nobypass
sched/doc: Update yield_task description in sched-design-CFS
Documentation/rtla: Convert links to RST format
docs: fix typos and duplicated words across documentation
docs: fix typo in zoran driver documentation
docs: add an Assisted-by mention to submitting-patches.rst
Revert "scripts/checkpatch: add Assisted-by: tag validation"
...
2026-04-14 08:47:08 -07:00
|
|
|
bindgen (optional) 0.71.1 bindgen --version
|
2026-03-25 20:48:12 +01:00
|
|
|
binutils 2.30 ld -v
|
|
|
|
|
bison 2.0 bison --version
|
|
|
|
|
btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfs --version
|
|
|
|
|
Clang/LLVM (optional) 15.0.0 clang --version
|
|
|
|
|
e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
|
|
|
|
|
flex 2.5.35 flex --version
|
docs: changes/ver_linux: fix entries and add several tools
Some of the entries in both Documentation/process/changes.rst and
script/ver_linux were obsolete; update them to reflect the current way of
getting version information.
Many were missing altogether; add the relevant information for:
bash, bc, bindgen, btrfs-progs, Clang, gdb, GNU awk, GNU tar,
GRUB, GRUB2, gtags, iptables, kmod, mcelog, mkimage, openssl,
pahole, Python, Rust, Sphinx, squashfs-tools
Signed-off-by: Manuel Ebner <manuelebner@mailbox.org>
[jc: rewrote changelog]
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260325194616.78093-2-manuelebner@mailbox.org>
2026-03-25 20:46:17 +01:00
|
|
|
gdb 7.2 gdb --version
|
2026-03-25 20:48:12 +01:00
|
|
|
GNU awk (optional) 5.1.0 gawk --version
|
|
|
|
|
GNU C 8.1 gcc --version
|
|
|
|
|
GNU make 4.0 make --version
|
2023-05-21 22:23:36 +09:00
|
|
|
GNU tar 1.28 tar --version
|
2026-03-25 20:48:12 +01:00
|
|
|
GRUB 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
|
2023-05-15 19:32:17 +02:00
|
|
|
gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags --version
|
2026-03-25 20:48:12 +01:00
|
|
|
iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
|
|
|
|
|
jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
|
|
|
|
|
kmod 13 kmod -V
|
|
|
|
|
mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
|
2024-03-29 16:28:36 +13:00
|
|
|
mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimage --version
|
2026-03-25 20:48:12 +01:00
|
|
|
nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
|
|
|
|
|
openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
|
|
|
|
|
pahole 1.22 pahole --version
|
|
|
|
|
pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
|
|
|
|
|
PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
|
|
|
|
|
procps 3.2.0 ps --version
|
2025-07-29 18:43:04 +02:00
|
|
|
Python 3.9.x python3 --version
|
2026-03-25 20:48:12 +01:00
|
|
|
quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
|
A busier cycle than I had expected for docs, including:
- Translations: some overdue updates to the Japanese translations, Chinese
translations for some of the Rust documentation, and the beginnings of a
Portuguese translation.
- New documents covering CPU isolation, managed interrupts, debugging
Python gbb scripts, and more.
- More tooling work from Mauro, reducing docs-build warnings, adding self
tests, improving man-page output, bringing in a proper C tokenizer to
replace (some of) the mess of kernel-doc regexes, and more.
- Update and synchronize changes.rst and scripts/ver_linux, and put both
into alphabetical order.
...and a long list of documentation updates, typo fixes, and general
improvements.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
iQFDBAABCgAtFiEEIw+MvkEiF49krdp9F0NaE2wMflgFAmnb9GkPHGNvcmJldEBs
d24ubmV0AAoJEBdDWhNsDH5YqnEH/R+9jPgcEsdaLGXxM0Li/obLMw2bzj+FhLOT
tpS53AcK34ObVg9Xe5CsrQyjaI7Advy5QevLTqC3ZpfN7sxAtCZ7alUT/u1pk5+u
P+OoB/jyD55KA/c5jgIQlgBn574fjaDIVD6W+sf0g9MhmOnDa/7EaOIEdvm+Xpey
Dxx/Sq0jBk4PziqeCz03txsh//+O/R/wXoRbHeqKIbs3XQt1DF1LLRc+Ni8RYBCB
PpCacoe1RpvaSG7CqXCwPB1bbiEPXRU3oiW2SPFcn0j4WyNtEJkv56g2lpzzWyCQ
Gc837Mmu29GifQyH4Vi0bnvLtFBC/x+rJKsvCmp8jFfu6sMpuew=
=liXF
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'docs-7.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/docs/linux
Pull documentation updates from Jonathan Corbet:
"A busier cycle than I had expected for docs, including:
- Translations: some overdue updates to the Japanese translations,
Chinese translations for some of the Rust documentation, and the
beginnings of a Portuguese translation.
- New documents covering CPU isolation, managed interrupts, debugging
Python gbb scripts, and more.
- More tooling work from Mauro, reducing docs-build warnings, adding
self tests, improving man-page output, bringing in a proper C
tokenizer to replace (some of) the mess of kernel-doc regexes, and
more.
- Update and synchronize changes.rst and scripts/ver_linux, and put
both into alphabetical order.
... and a long list of documentation updates, typo fixes, and general
improvements"
* tag 'docs-7.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/docs/linux: (162 commits)
Documentation: core-api: real-time: correct spelling
doc: Add CPU Isolation documentation
Documentation: Add managed interrupts
Documentation: seq_file: drop 2.6 reference
docs/zh_CN: update rust/index.rst translation
docs/zh_CN: update rust/quick-start.rst translation
docs/zh_CN: update rust/coding-guidelines.rst translation
docs/zh_CN: update rust/arch-support.rst translation
docs/zh_CN: sync process/2.Process.rst with English version
docs/zh_CN: fix an inconsistent statement in dev-tools/testing-overview
tracing: Documentation: Update histogram-design.rst for fn() handling
docs: sysctl: Add documentation for /proc/sys/xen/
Docs: hid: intel-ish-hid: make long URL usable
Documentation/kernel-parameters: fix architecture alignment for pt, nopt, and nobypass
sched/doc: Update yield_task description in sched-design-CFS
Documentation/rtla: Convert links to RST format
docs: fix typos and duplicated words across documentation
docs: fix typo in zoran driver documentation
docs: add an Assisted-by mention to submitting-patches.rst
Revert "scripts/checkpatch: add Assisted-by: tag validation"
...
2026-04-14 08:47:08 -07:00
|
|
|
Rust (optional) 1.85.0 rustc --version
|
2026-03-25 20:48:12 +01:00
|
|
|
Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 3.4.3 sphinx-build --version
|
|
|
|
|
squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
|
|
|
|
|
udev 081 udevadm --version
|
|
|
|
|
util-linux 2.10o mount --version
|
|
|
|
|
xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
====================== =============== ========================================
|
2009-12-14 14:52:10 +01:00
|
|
|
|
2016-09-19 08:07:43 -03:00
|
|
|
.. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kernel compilation
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
******************
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GCC
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
|
2006-01-08 01:04:09 -08:00
|
|
|
computer.
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2020-08-26 12:15:55 -07:00
|
|
|
Clang/LLVM (optional)
|
|
|
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The latest formal release of clang and LLVM utils (according to
|
|
|
|
|
`releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org>`_) are supported for building
|
|
|
|
|
kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to work, and we may drop workarounds
|
|
|
|
|
from the kernel that were used to support older versions. Please see additional
|
|
|
|
|
docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM <kbuild_llvm>`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-07-03 17:23:16 +02:00
|
|
|
Rust (optional)
|
|
|
|
|
---------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
rust: start supporting several compiler versions
It is time to start supporting several Rust compiler versions and thus
establish a minimum Rust version.
We may still want to upgrade the minimum sometimes in the beginning since
there may be important features coming into the language that improve
how we write code (e.g. field projections), which may or may not make
sense to support conditionally.
We will start with a window of two stable releases, and widen it over
time. Thus this patch does not move the current minimum (1.78.0), but
instead adds support for the recently released 1.79.0.
This should already be enough for kernel developers in distributions that
provide recent Rust compiler versions routinely, such as Arch Linux,
Debian Unstable (outside the freeze period), Fedora Linux, Gentoo
Linux (especially the testing channel), Nix (unstable) and openSUSE
Tumbleweed. See the documentation patch about it later in this series.
In addition, Rust for Linux is now being built-tested in Rust's pre-merge
CI [1]. That is, every change that is attempting to land into the Rust
compiler is tested against the kernel, and it is merged only if it passes
-- thanks to the Rust project for that!
Thus, with the pre-merge CI in place, both projects hope to avoid
unintentional changes to Rust that break the kernel. This means that,
in general, apart from intentional changes on their side (that we will
need to workaround conditionally on our side), the upcoming Rust compiler
versions should generally work.
For instance, currently, the beta (1.80.0) and nightly (1.81.0) branches
work as well.
Of course, the Rust for Linux CI job in the Rust toolchain may still need
to be temporarily disabled for different reasons, but the intention is
to help bring Rust for Linux into stable Rust.
Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/125209 [1]
Reviewed-by: Finn Behrens <me@kloenk.dev>
Tested-by: Benno Lossin <benno.lossin@proton.me>
Tested-by: Andreas Hindborg <a.hindborg@samsung.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240709160615.998336-7-ojeda@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
2024-07-09 18:06:01 +02:00
|
|
|
A recent version of the Rust compiler is required.
|
2021-07-03 17:23:16 +02:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst for instructions on how to
|
|
|
|
|
satisfy the build requirements of Rust support. In particular, the ``Makefile``
|
|
|
|
|
target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check why the Rust toolchain may not
|
|
|
|
|
be detected.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bindgen (optional)
|
|
|
|
|
------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindings to the C side of the kernel.
|
|
|
|
|
It depends on ``libclang``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
Make
|
|
|
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
|
|
2024-07-04 22:47:55 +09:00
|
|
|
You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build the kernel.
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
scripts/check-local-export: avoid 'wait $!' for process substitution
Bash 4.4, released in 2016, supports 'wait $!' to check the exit status
of a process substitution, but it seems too new.
Some people using older bash versions (on CentOS 7, Ubuntu 16.04, etc.)
reported an error like this:
./scripts/check-local-export: line 54: wait: pid 17328 is not a child of this shell
I used the process substitution to avoid a pipeline, which executes each
command in a subshell. If the while-loop is executed in the subshell
context, variable changes within are lost after the subshell terminates.
Fortunately, Bash 4.2, released in 2011, supports the 'lastpipe' option,
which makes the last element of a pipeline run in the current shell process.
Switch to the pipeline with 'lastpipe' solution, and also set 'pipefail'
to catch errors from ${NM}.
Add the bash requirement to Documentation/process/changes.rst.
Fixes: 31cb50b5590f ("kbuild: check static EXPORT_SYMBOL* by script instead of modpost")
Reported-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Reported-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Reported-by: Wang Yugui <wangyugui@e16-tech.com>
Tested-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Tested-by: Jon Hunter <jonathanh@nvidia.com>
Acked-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> # LLVM-14 (x86-64)
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2022-06-08 10:11:00 +09:00
|
|
|
Bash
|
|
|
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Some bash scripts are used for the kernel build.
|
|
|
|
|
Bash 4.2 or newer is needed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
Binutils
|
|
|
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
|
|
2025-05-16 10:08:22 +02:00
|
|
|
Binutils 2.30 or newer is needed to build the kernel.
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2018-06-28 16:39:50 -07:00
|
|
|
pkg-config
|
|
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-config to check for installed
|
|
|
|
|
kconfig tools and to determine flags settings for use in
|
kconfig: do not require pkg-config on make {menu,n}config
Meelis Roos reported a {menu,n}config regression:
"I have libncurses devel package installed in the default system
location (as do 99%+ on actual developers probably) and in this
case, pkg-config is useless. pkg-config is needed only when
libraries and headers are installed in non-default locations but
it is bad to require installation of pkg-config on all the machines
where make menuconfig would be possibly run."
For {menu,n}config, do not use pkg-config if it is not installed.
For {g,x}config, keep checking pkg-config since we really rely on it
for finding the installation paths of the required packages.
Fixes: 4ab3b80159d4 ("kconfig: check for pkg-config on make {menu,n,g,x}config")
Reported-by: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Tested-by: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
Tested-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
2018-08-31 18:34:55 +09:00
|
|
|
'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was being used but not
|
2018-06-28 16:39:50 -07:00
|
|
|
verified or documented.
|
|
|
|
|
|
kbuild: prepare to remove C files pre-generated by flex and bison
In Linux build system convention, pre-generated files are version-
controlled with a "_shipped" suffix. During the kernel building,
they are simply shipped (copied) removing the suffix.
This approach can reduce external tool dependency for the kernel build,
but it is tedious to manually regenerate such artifacts from developers'
point of view. (We need to do "make REGENERATE_PARSERS=1" every time
we touch real source files such as *.l, *.y)
Some months ago, I sent out RFC patches to run flex, bison, and gperf
during the build.
In the review and test, Linus noticed gperf-3.1 had changed the lookup
function prototype. Then, the use of gperf in kernel was entirely
removed by commit bb3290d91695 ("Remove gperf usage from toolchain").
This time, I tested several versions of flex and bison, and I was not
hit by any compatibility issue except a flaw in flex-2.6.3; if you
generate lexer for dtc and genksyms with flex-2.6.3, you will see
"yywrap redefined" warning. This was not intentional, but a bug,
fixed by flex-2.6.4. Otherwise, both flex and bison look fairly
stable for a long time.
This commit prepares some build rules to remove the _shipped files.
Also, document minimal requirement for flex and bison.
Rationale for the minimal version:
The -Wmissing-prototypes option of GCC warns "no previous prototype"
for lexers generated by flex-2.5.34 or older, so I chose 2.5.35 as the
required version for flex. Flex-2.5.35 was released in 2008. Bison
looks more stable. I did not see any problem with bison-2.0, released
in 2004. I did not test bison-1.x, but bison-2.0 should be old enough.
Tested flex versions:
2.5.35
2.5.36
2.5.37
2.5.39
2.6.0
2.6.1
2.6.2
2.6.3 (*)
2.6.4
(*) flex-2.6.3 causes "yywrap redefined" warning
Tested bison versions:
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4.1
2.5.1
2.6
2.6.1
2.6.2
2.6.3
2.6.4
2.6.5
2.7
2.7.1
3.0
3.0.1
3.0.2
3.0.3
3.0.4
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2017-12-10 01:02:29 +09:00
|
|
|
Flex
|
|
|
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers
|
|
|
|
|
during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bison
|
|
|
|
|
-----
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers
|
|
|
|
|
during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2024-02-05 01:01:17 +01:00
|
|
|
pahole
|
|
|
|
|
------
|
2021-11-19 15:56:03 -03:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is selected, the build system
|
|
|
|
|
generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in vmlinux, a bit later from kernel
|
2025-12-19 10:18:23 -08:00
|
|
|
modules as well. This requires pahole v1.22 or later.
|
2021-11-19 15:56:03 -03:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distro packages or from
|
|
|
|
|
https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009-06-17 16:26:30 -07:00
|
|
|
Perl
|
|
|
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
|
|
|
|
|
``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
|
2009-06-17 16:26:30 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2025-07-29 18:43:04 +02:00
|
|
|
Python
|
|
|
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Several config options require it: it is required for arm/arm64
|
|
|
|
|
default configs, CONFIG_LTO_CLANG, some DRM optional configs,
|
|
|
|
|
the kernel-doc tool, and docs build (Sphinx), among others.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-05-19 14:02:17 +01:00
|
|
|
BC
|
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009-06-17 16:26:30 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2015-08-27 11:13:36 +01:00
|
|
|
OpenSSL
|
|
|
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
|
|
|
|
|
crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
|
|
|
|
|
enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
|
|
|
|
|
and higher.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-05-21 22:23:36 +09:00
|
|
|
Tar
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access to the kernel headers via sysfs
|
|
|
|
|
(CONFIG_IKHEADERS).
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-05-15 19:32:17 +02:00
|
|
|
gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional)
|
|
|
|
|
-----------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6.6.5 or later to generate
|
|
|
|
|
tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due to its use of the gtags
|
|
|
|
|
``-C (--directory)`` flag.
|
2015-08-27 11:13:36 +01:00
|
|
|
|
2024-03-29 16:28:36 +13:00
|
|
|
mkimage
|
|
|
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This tool is used when building a Flat Image Tree (FIT), commonly used on ARM
|
|
|
|
|
platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-boot-tools`` package or can be
|
|
|
|
|
built from the U-Boot source code. See the instructions at
|
|
|
|
|
https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools.html#building-tools-for-linux
|
|
|
|
|
|
kbuild: generate offset range data for builtin modules
Create file module.builtin.ranges that can be used to find where
built-in modules are located by their addresses. This will be useful for
tracing tools to find what functions are for various built-in modules.
The offset range data for builtin modules is generated using:
- modules.builtin: associates object files with module names
- vmlinux.map: provides load order of sections and offset of first member
per section
- vmlinux.o.map: provides offset of object file content per section
- .*.cmd: build cmd file with KBUILD_MODFILE
The generated data will look like:
.text 00000000-00000000 = _text
.text 0000baf0-0000cb10 amd_uncore
.text 0009bd10-0009c8e0 iosf_mbi
...
.text 00b9f080-00ba011a intel_skl_int3472_discrete
.text 00ba0120-00ba03c0 intel_skl_int3472_discrete intel_skl_int3472_tps68470
.text 00ba03c0-00ba08d6 intel_skl_int3472_tps68470
...
.data 00000000-00000000 = _sdata
.data 0000f020-0000f680 amd_uncore
For each ELF section, it lists the offset of the first symbol. This can
be used to determine the base address of the section at runtime.
Next, it lists (in strict ascending order) offset ranges in that section
that cover the symbols of one or more builtin modules. Multiple ranges
can apply to a single module, and ranges can be shared between modules.
The CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES option controls whether offset range data
is generated for kernel modules that are built into the kernel image.
How it works:
1. The modules.builtin file is parsed to obtain a list of built-in
module names and their associated object names (the .ko file that
the module would be in if it were a loadable module, hereafter
referred to as <kmodfile>). This object name can be used to
identify objects in the kernel compile because any C or assembler
code that ends up into a built-in module will have the option
-DKBUILD_MODFILE=<kmodfile> present in its build command, and those
can be found in the .<obj>.cmd file in the kernel build tree.
If an object is part of multiple modules, they will all be listed
in the KBUILD_MODFILE option argument.
This allows us to conclusively determine whether an object in the
kernel build belong to any modules, and which.
2. The vmlinux.map is parsed next to determine the base address of each
top level section so that all addresses into the section can be
turned into offsets. This makes it possible to handle sections
getting loaded at different addresses at system boot.
We also determine an 'anchor' symbol at the beginning of each
section to make it possible to calculate the true base address of
a section at runtime (i.e. symbol address - symbol offset).
We collect start addresses of sections that are included in the top
level section. This is used when vmlinux is linked using vmlinux.o,
because in that case, we need to look at the vmlinux.o linker map to
know what object a symbol is found in.
And finally, we process each symbol that is listed in vmlinux.map
(or vmlinux.o.map) based on the following structure:
vmlinux linked from vmlinux.a:
vmlinux.map:
<top level section>
<included section> -- might be same as top level section)
<object> -- built-in association known
<symbol> -- belongs to module(s) object belongs to
...
vmlinux linked from vmlinux.o:
vmlinux.map:
<top level section>
<included section> -- might be same as top level section)
vmlinux.o -- need to use vmlinux.o.map
<symbol> -- ignored
...
vmlinux.o.map:
<section>
<object> -- built-in association known
<symbol> -- belongs to module(s) object belongs to
...
3. As sections, objects, and symbols are processed, offset ranges are
constructed in a straight-forward way:
- If the symbol belongs to one or more built-in modules:
- If we were working on the same module(s), extend the range
to include this object
- If we were working on another module(s), close that range,
and start the new one
- If the symbol does not belong to any built-in modules:
- If we were working on a module(s) range, close that range
Signed-off-by: Kris Van Hees <kris.van.hees@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Nick Alcock <nick.alcock@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Alan Maguire <alan.maguire@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Tested-by: Sam James <sam@gentoo.org>
Reviewed-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
Tested-by: Sami Tolvanen <samitolvanen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2024-09-06 10:45:03 -04:00
|
|
|
GNU AWK
|
|
|
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GNU AWK is needed if you want kernel builds to generate address range data for
|
|
|
|
|
builtin modules (CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES).
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
System utilities
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
****************
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Architectural changes
|
|
|
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
|
2020-06-21 15:36:30 +02:00
|
|
|
(https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
|
|
|
|
|
documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
|
2017-05-14 11:50:11 -03:00
|
|
|
definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST
|
2026-01-16 00:01:10 +01:00
|
|
|
files in the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can
|
2017-05-14 11:50:11 -03:00
|
|
|
then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files.
|
|
|
|
|
In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need
|
|
|
|
|
Sphinx.
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Util-linux
|
|
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
|
2023-12-20 06:02:49 +01:00
|
|
|
types, and similar goodies.
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
You'll probably want to upgrade.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ksymoops
|
|
|
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-11-07 01:01:03 -08:00
|
|
|
If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
|
|
|
|
|
ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
|
2011-07-11 16:48:38 -07:00
|
|
|
that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
|
|
|
|
|
produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
|
2011-07-11 16:48:38 -07:00
|
|
|
reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
|
|
|
|
|
with ksymoops.
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mkinitrd
|
|
|
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
mkinitrd be upgraded.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E2fsprogs
|
|
|
|
|
---------
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
JFSutils
|
|
|
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
The following utilities are available:
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
and repair a JFS formatted partition.
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- other file system utilities are also available in this package.
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Xfsprogs
|
|
|
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
|
|
|
|
|
``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
|
|
|
|
|
work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
|
|
|
|
|
later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-06-27 16:28:45 -07:00
|
|
|
PCMCIAutils
|
|
|
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
|
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
|
2005-06-27 16:28:45 -07:00
|
|
|
PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
|
|
|
|
|
for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
|
|
|
|
|
subsystem is used.
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quota-tools
|
|
|
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
|
|
|
|
|
the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
|
|
|
|
|
newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
|
|
|
|
|
from the table above.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intel IA32 microcode
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
|
2005-06-20 21:15:16 -07:00
|
|
|
accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
|
2016-09-20 18:46:36 -06:00
|
|
|
udev you may need to::
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mkdir /dev/cpu
|
|
|
|
|
mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
|
|
|
|
|
chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
|
|
|
|
|
get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
udev
|
|
|
|
|
----
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
|
|
|
|
|
only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
|
2006-11-30 05:32:19 +01:00
|
|
|
functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
|
2005-06-20 21:15:16 -07:00
|
|
|
devices.
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2005-09-27 21:45:20 -07:00
|
|
|
FUSE
|
|
|
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
|
2005-09-27 21:45:20 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
Networking
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
**********
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General changes
|
|
|
|
|
---------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
|
|
|
|
|
consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Packet Filter / NAT
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------
|
|
|
|
|
The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
|
|
|
|
|
kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
|
|
|
|
|
for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PPP
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
|
|
|
|
|
enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
|
|
|
|
|
upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-06-20 21:15:16 -07:00
|
|
|
If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
|
2016-09-20 18:46:36 -06:00
|
|
|
which can be made by::
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
as root.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NFS-utils
|
|
|
|
|
---------
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011-07-11 16:48:38 -07:00
|
|
|
In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
|
|
|
|
|
about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
|
|
|
|
|
mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
|
|
|
|
|
would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
|
|
|
|
|
which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011-07-11 16:48:38 -07:00
|
|
|
With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
|
|
|
|
|
when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
|
|
|
|
|
appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
|
2011-07-11 16:48:38 -07:00
|
|
|
currently active clients.
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2016-09-20 18:46:36 -06:00
|
|
|
To enable this new functionality, you need to::
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
2006-09-11 12:39:19 -04:00
|
|
|
mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
|
|
|
|
|
services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
|
|
|
|
|
that is possible.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009-04-28 23:37:02 +02:00
|
|
|
mcelog
|
|
|
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
|
|
2014-07-12 09:54:52 -07:00
|
|
|
On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
|
|
|
|
|
reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
|
2009-04-28 23:37:02 +02:00
|
|
|
|
2016-09-19 08:07:43 -03:00
|
|
|
Kernel documentation
|
|
|
|
|
********************
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sphinx
|
|
|
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
|
|
2026-02-23 14:29:30 -07:00
|
|
|
Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst
|
2017-07-14 13:41:17 -03:00
|
|
|
for details about Sphinx requirements.
|
2016-09-19 08:07:43 -03:00
|
|
|
|
2021-07-03 17:23:16 +02:00
|
|
|
rustdoc
|
|
|
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentation for Rust code. Please see
|
|
|
|
|
Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for more information.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
Getting updated software
|
|
|
|
|
========================
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kernel compilation
|
|
|
|
|
******************
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006-01-08 01:04:09 -08:00
|
|
|
gcc
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2020-08-26 12:15:55 -07:00
|
|
|
Clang/LLVM
|
|
|
|
|
----------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-07-03 17:23:16 +02:00
|
|
|
Rust
|
|
|
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bindgen
|
|
|
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
Make
|
|
|
|
|
----
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
scripts/check-local-export: avoid 'wait $!' for process substitution
Bash 4.4, released in 2016, supports 'wait $!' to check the exit status
of a process substitution, but it seems too new.
Some people using older bash versions (on CentOS 7, Ubuntu 16.04, etc.)
reported an error like this:
./scripts/check-local-export: line 54: wait: pid 17328 is not a child of this shell
I used the process substitution to avoid a pipeline, which executes each
command in a subshell. If the while-loop is executed in the subshell
context, variable changes within are lost after the subshell terminates.
Fortunately, Bash 4.2, released in 2011, supports the 'lastpipe' option,
which makes the last element of a pipeline run in the current shell process.
Switch to the pipeline with 'lastpipe' solution, and also set 'pipefail'
to catch errors from ${NM}.
Add the bash requirement to Documentation/process/changes.rst.
Fixes: 31cb50b5590f ("kbuild: check static EXPORT_SYMBOL* by script instead of modpost")
Reported-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Reported-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Reported-by: Wang Yugui <wangyugui@e16-tech.com>
Tested-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Tested-by: Jon Hunter <jonathanh@nvidia.com>
Acked-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com> # LLVM-14 (x86-64)
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
2022-06-08 10:11:00 +09:00
|
|
|
Bash
|
|
|
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
Binutils
|
|
|
|
|
--------
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
2017-03-27 22:05:34 +09:00
|
|
|
- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
kbuild: prepare to remove C files pre-generated by flex and bison
In Linux build system convention, pre-generated files are version-
controlled with a "_shipped" suffix. During the kernel building,
they are simply shipped (copied) removing the suffix.
This approach can reduce external tool dependency for the kernel build,
but it is tedious to manually regenerate such artifacts from developers'
point of view. (We need to do "make REGENERATE_PARSERS=1" every time
we touch real source files such as *.l, *.y)
Some months ago, I sent out RFC patches to run flex, bison, and gperf
during the build.
In the review and test, Linus noticed gperf-3.1 had changed the lookup
function prototype. Then, the use of gperf in kernel was entirely
removed by commit bb3290d91695 ("Remove gperf usage from toolchain").
This time, I tested several versions of flex and bison, and I was not
hit by any compatibility issue except a flaw in flex-2.6.3; if you
generate lexer for dtc and genksyms with flex-2.6.3, you will see
"yywrap redefined" warning. This was not intentional, but a bug,
fixed by flex-2.6.4. Otherwise, both flex and bison look fairly
stable for a long time.
This commit prepares some build rules to remove the _shipped files.
Also, document minimal requirement for flex and bison.
Rationale for the minimal version:
The -Wmissing-prototypes option of GCC warns "no previous prototype"
for lexers generated by flex-2.5.34 or older, so I chose 2.5.35 as the
required version for flex. Flex-2.5.35 was released in 2008. Bison
looks more stable. I did not see any problem with bison-2.0, released
in 2004. I did not test bison-1.x, but bison-2.0 should be old enough.
Tested flex versions:
2.5.35
2.5.36
2.5.37
2.5.39
2.6.0
2.6.1
2.6.2
2.6.3 (*)
2.6.4
(*) flex-2.6.3 causes "yywrap redefined" warning
Tested bison versions:
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4.1
2.5.1
2.6
2.6.1
2.6.2
2.6.3
2.6.4
2.6.5
2.7
2.7.1
3.0
3.0.1
3.0.2
3.0.3
3.0.4
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2017-12-10 01:02:29 +09:00
|
|
|
Flex
|
|
|
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bison
|
|
|
|
|
-----
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2015-08-27 11:13:36 +01:00
|
|
|
OpenSSL
|
|
|
|
|
-------
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- <https://www.openssl.org/>
|
2015-08-27 11:13:36 +01:00
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
System utilities
|
|
|
|
|
****************
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Util-linux
|
|
|
|
|
----------
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
2017-03-27 22:05:34 +09:00
|
|
|
- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2018-07-01 19:46:06 -07:00
|
|
|
Kmod
|
|
|
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/>
|
|
|
|
|
- <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod.git>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
Ksymoops
|
|
|
|
|
--------
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
2017-03-27 22:05:34 +09:00
|
|
|
- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mkinitrd
|
|
|
|
|
--------
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E2fsprogs
|
|
|
|
|
---------
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
2020-01-29 15:15:15 -08:00
|
|
|
- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/tytso/e2fsprogs/>
|
|
|
|
|
- <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fsprogs.git/>
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
JFSutils
|
|
|
|
|
--------
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
2023-07-28 21:16:16 +00:00
|
|
|
- <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Xfsprogs
|
|
|
|
|
--------
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
2020-01-29 15:15:15 -08:00
|
|
|
- <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfsprogs-dev.git>
|
|
|
|
|
- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/xfs/xfsprogs/>
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2005-06-27 16:28:45 -07:00
|
|
|
Pcmciautils
|
|
|
|
|
-----------
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
2017-03-27 22:05:34 +09:00
|
|
|
- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
|
2005-06-27 16:28:45 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
Quota-tools
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-07-28 21:16:16 +00:00
|
|
|
- <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2005-05-01 08:59:27 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
Intel P6 microcode
|
|
|
|
|
------------------
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
udev
|
|
|
|
|
----
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
2020-06-21 15:36:30 +02:00
|
|
|
- <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2005-09-27 21:45:20 -07:00
|
|
|
FUSE
|
|
|
|
|
----
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
2018-03-27 14:59:50 +02:00
|
|
|
- <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases>
|
2005-09-27 21:45:20 -07:00
|
|
|
|
2009-04-28 23:37:02 +02:00
|
|
|
mcelog
|
|
|
|
|
------
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
2023-07-28 21:16:16 +00:00
|
|
|
- <https://www.mcelog.org/>
|
2009-04-28 23:37:02 +02:00
|
|
|
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
Networking
|
|
|
|
|
**********
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PPP
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
2020-01-29 15:15:15 -08:00
|
|
|
- <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
|
|
|
|
|
- <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git>
|
|
|
|
|
- <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/>
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NFS-utils
|
|
|
|
|
---------
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
2023-07-28 21:16:16 +00:00
|
|
|
- <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
|
|
|
|
|
- <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Iptables
|
|
|
|
|
--------
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
2020-01-29 15:15:15 -08:00
|
|
|
- <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/index.html>
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ip-route2
|
|
|
|
|
---------
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
|
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OProfile
|
|
|
|
|
--------
|
2016-09-19 08:07:42 -03:00
|
|
|
|
2023-07-28 21:16:16 +00:00
|
|
|
- <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
|
2016-09-19 08:07:43 -03:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kernel documentation
|
|
|
|
|
********************
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sphinx
|
|
|
|
|
------
|
|
|
|
|
|
2020-06-21 15:36:30 +02:00
|
|
|
- <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
|