update

examples/VulkanTriangle/main.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "vulkan/vulkan.h"
+#include <cassert>
 
 import Crafter.Graphics;
 using namespace Crafter;
@@ -6,55 +7,69 @@ import std;
 import Crafter.Event;
 import Crafter.Math;
 
-typedef VulkanShaderConst<"raygen.spv", "main", VK_SHADER_STAGE_RAYGEN_BIT_KHR> Raygenspv;
-typedef VulkanShaderConst<"closesthit.spv", "main", VK_SHADER_STAGE_CLOSEST_HIT_BIT_KHR> Closesthitspv;
-typedef VulkanShaderConst<"miss.spv", "main", VK_SHADER_STAGE_MISS_BIT_KHR> Misspv;
-typedef std::tuple<Raygenspv, Misspv, Closesthitspv> AllShaders;
-typedef std::tuple<
-    ShaderGroup<0, VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR, VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR, VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR>,
-    ShaderGroup<1, VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR, VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR, VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR>,
-    ShaderGroup<VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR, 2, VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR, VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR>
-> ShaderGroups;
-typedef PipelineRTVulkanConst<AllShaders, ShaderGroups> Pipeline;
-typedef DescriptorSetLayoutVulkanConst<3, {{
-    {
-        .binding = 0,
-        .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR,
-        .descriptorCount = 1,
-        .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_RAYGEN_BIT_KHR,
-    },
-    {
-        .binding = 1,
-        .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE,
-        .descriptorCount = 1,
-        .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_RAYGEN_BIT_KHR,
-    },
-    {
-        .binding = 2,
-        .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
-        .descriptorCount = 1,
-        .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_RAYGEN_BIT_KHR,
-    }
-}}> descriptorSetLayout;
 
 int main() {
     Device::Initialize();
     Window window(1280, 720, "HelloVulkan");
     VkCommandBuffer cmd = window.StartInit();
+    DescriptorHeapVulkan descriptorHeap;
+    descriptorHeap.Initialize(1,1,0);
 
-    Raygenspv::CreateShader();
-    Closesthitspv::CreateShader();
-    Misspv::CreateShader();
-    ShaderBindingTableVulkanConst<AllShaders>::Init();
+    VkSpecializationMapEntry entry = {
+        .constantID = 0,
+        .offset = 0,
+        .size = sizeof(uint16_t)
+    };
 
-    descriptorSetLayout::Init();
-    std::array<VkDescriptorSetLayout, 1> layouts {{descriptorSetLayout::layout}};
+    VkSpecializationInfo specilizationInfo = {
+        .mapEntryCount = 1,
+        .pMapEntries = &entry,
+        .dataSize = sizeof(uint16_t),
+        .pData = &descriptorHeap.bufferStartElement
+    };
 
-    DescriptorPool pool;
-    pool.sets.resize(1);
-    pool.BuildPool(DescriptorPool::GetPoolSizes<descriptorSetLayout>(), layouts);
+    std::array<VulkanShader, 3> shaders{{
+        {"raygen.spv", "main", VK_SHADER_STAGE_RAYGEN_BIT_KHR, &specilizationInfo},
+        {"miss.spv", "main", VK_SHADER_STAGE_MISS_BIT_KHR, nullptr},
+        {"closesthit.spv", "main", VK_SHADER_STAGE_CLOSEST_HIT_BIT_KHR, nullptr}
+    }};
 
-    Pipeline::Init(cmd, layouts);
+    ShaderBindingTableVulkan shaderTable;
+    shaderTable.Init(shaders);
+
+    std::array<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR, 1> raygenGroups {{
+        {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
+            .type = VK_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_TYPE_GENERAL_KHR,
+            .generalShader = 0,
+            .closestHitShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
+            .anyHitShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
+            .intersectionShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
+        },
+    }};
+    std::array<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR, 1> missGroups {{
+        {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
+            .type = VK_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_TYPE_GENERAL_KHR,
+            .generalShader = 1,
+            .closestHitShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
+            .anyHitShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
+            .intersectionShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
+        },
+    }};
+    std::array<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR, 1> hitGroups {{
+        {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
+            .type = VK_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_TYPE_TRIANGLES_HIT_GROUP_KHR,
+            .generalShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
+            .closestHitShader = 2,
+            .anyHitShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
+            .intersectionShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
+        },
+    }};
+
+    PipelineRTVulkan pipeline;
+    pipeline.Init(cmd, raygenGroups, missGroups, hitGroups, shaderTable);
 
     Mesh triangleMesh;
     std::array<Vector<float, 3, 3>, 3> verts {{{-150, -150, 100}, {0, 150, 100}, {150, -150, 100}}};
@@ -75,59 +90,111 @@ int main() {
 
     MatrixRowMajor<float, 4, 3, 1> transform = MatrixRowMajor<float, 4, 3, 1>::Identity();
     std::memcpy(renderer.instance.transform.matrix, transform.m, sizeof(transform.m));
-    RenderingElement3D::tlases.resize(1);
     RenderingElement3D::BuildTLAS(cmd, 0);
-
-    VkDescriptorImageInfo imageInfo = {
-        .imageView = window.imageViews[0],
-        .imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL
-    };
-
-    VkWriteDescriptorSetAccelerationStructureKHR writeDescriptorSetAccelerationStructure {
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR,
-        .accelerationStructureCount = 1,
-        .pAccelerationStructures = &RenderingElement3D::tlases[0].accelerationStructure
-    };
-
-    VulkanBuffer<std::uint32_t, true, false, false> lightBuffer;
-    lightBuffer.Create(VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, 1);
-
-    VkWriteDescriptorSet write[3] = {
-        {
-            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
-            .pNext = &writeDescriptorSetAccelerationStructure,
-            .dstSet = pool.sets[0],
-            .dstBinding = 0,
-            .dstArrayElement = 0,
-            .descriptorCount = 1,
-            .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR,
-        },
-        {
-            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
-            .dstSet = pool.sets[0],
-            .dstBinding = 1,
-            .dstArrayElement = 0,
-            .descriptorCount = 1,
-            .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE,
-            .pImageInfo = &imageInfo
-        },
-        {
-            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
-            .dstSet = pool.sets[0],
-            .dstBinding = 2,
-            .dstArrayElement = 0,
-            .descriptorCount = 1,
-            .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
-            .pBufferInfo = &lightBuffer.descriptor
-        }
-    };
-    vkUpdateDescriptorSets(Device::device, 3, write, 0, nullptr);
-    
-
-    window.SetPipelineRT<Pipeline>();
-    window.descriptorsRt = pool.sets;
+    RenderingElement3D::BuildTLAS(cmd, 1);
+    RenderingElement3D::BuildTLAS(cmd, 2);
 
     window.FinishInit();
+
+    VkDeviceAddressRangeKHR tlasRange0 = {
+        .address = RenderingElement3D::tlases[0].address,
+    };
+
+    VkDeviceAddressRangeKHR tlasRange1 = {
+        .address = RenderingElement3D::tlases[1].address,
+    };
+
+    VkDeviceAddressRangeKHR tlasRange2 = {
+        .address = RenderingElement3D::tlases[2].address,
+    };
+
+    VkImageDescriptorInfoEXT imageInfo0 = {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+        .pView = &window.imageViews[0],
+        .layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL
+    };
+
+    VkImageDescriptorInfoEXT imageInfo1 = {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+        .pView = &window.imageViews[1],
+        .layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL
+    };
+
+    VkImageDescriptorInfoEXT imageInfo2 = {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+        .pView = &window.imageViews[2],
+        .layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL
+    };
+
+    VkResourceDescriptorInfoEXT resources[6] = {
+        {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+            .type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR,
+            .data = { .pAddressRange =  &tlasRange0}
+        },
+        {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+            .type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE,
+            .data = { .pImage = &imageInfo0 }
+        },
+        {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+            .type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR,
+            .data = { .pAddressRange =  &tlasRange1}
+        },
+        {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+            .type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE,
+            .data = { .pImage = &imageInfo1 }
+        },
+        {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+            .type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR,
+            .data = { .pAddressRange =  &tlasRange2}
+        },
+        {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+            .type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE,
+            .data = { .pImage = &imageInfo2 }
+        },
+    };
+    
+    VkHostAddressRangeEXT destinations[6] = {
+        {
+            .address = descriptorHeap.resourceHeap[0].value + descriptorHeap.bufferStartOffset,
+            .size = Device::descriptorHeapProperties.bufferDescriptorSize
+        },
+        {
+            .address = descriptorHeap.resourceHeap[0].value,
+            .size = Device::descriptorHeapProperties.imageDescriptorSize
+        },
+        {
+            .address = descriptorHeap.resourceHeap[1].value + descriptorHeap.bufferStartOffset,
+            .size = Device::descriptorHeapProperties.bufferDescriptorSize
+        },
+        {
+            .address = descriptorHeap.resourceHeap[1].value,
+            .size = Device::descriptorHeapProperties.imageDescriptorSize
+        },
+        {
+            .address = descriptorHeap.resourceHeap[2].value + descriptorHeap.bufferStartOffset,
+            .size = Device::descriptorHeapProperties.bufferDescriptorSize
+        },
+        {
+            .address = descriptorHeap.resourceHeap[2].value,
+            .size = Device::descriptorHeapProperties.imageDescriptorSize
+        },
+    };
+
+    Device::vkWriteResourceDescriptorsEXT(Device::device, 6, resources, destinations);
+
+    descriptorHeap.resourceHeap[0].FlushDevice();
+    descriptorHeap.resourceHeap[1].FlushDevice();
+    descriptorHeap.resourceHeap[2].FlushDevice();
+
+    window.pipeline = &pipeline;
+    window.descriptorHeap = &descriptorHeap;
+
     window.Render();
     window.StartSync();
 }

examples/VulkanTriangle/project.json

@@ -7,11 +7,9 @@
             "dependencies": [
                 {
                     "path":"../../project.json",
-                    "configuration":"lib-win32-vulkan-debug"
+                    "configuration":"lib-wayland-vulkan-debug"
                 }
             ],
-            "target": "x86_64-w64-mingw32",
-            "debug": true,
             "shaders": [
                 {
                     "path":"raygen.glsl",

examples/VulkanTriangle/raygen.glsl

@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 #version 460
 #extension GL_EXT_ray_tracing : enable
 #extension GL_EXT_shader_image_load_formatted : enable
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int16 : enable
+#extension GL_EXT_descriptor_heap : enable
+#extension GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier : enable
 
-layout(binding = 0, set = 0) uniform accelerationStructureEXT topLevelAS;
-layout(binding = 1, set = 0, rgba8) uniform writeonly image2D image;
+layout(constant_id = 0) const uint16_t bufferStart = 0us;
+layout(descriptor_heap) uniform accelerationStructureEXT topLevelAS[];
+layout(descriptor_heap) uniform writeonly image2D image[];
 
 layout(location = 0) rayPayloadEXT vec3 hitValue;
 
-void main()
-{
+void main() {
     // Pixel coordinates
     uvec2 pixel = gl_LaunchIDEXT.xy;
     uvec2 resolution = gl_LaunchSizeEXT.xy;
@@ -32,7 +35,7 @@ void main()
     ));
 
     traceRayEXT(
-        topLevelAS,
+        topLevelAS[bufferStart],
         gl_RayFlagsNoneEXT,
         0xff,
         0, 0, 0,
@@ -43,5 +46,5 @@ void main()
         0
     );
 
-    imageStore(image, ivec2(pixel), vec4(hitValue, 1.0));
+    imageStore(image[0], ivec2(pixel), vec4(hitValue, 1));
 }

examples/VulkanTriangleRuntime/README.md

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-# HelloWindow Example
-
-## Description
-
-This example demonstrates how to load shaders and render a triangle.
-
-## Expected Result
-
-A blue tinted vulkan window with a white triangle in the center.
-
-##  Highlighted Code Snippet
-
-```cpp
-EventListener<VkCommandBuffer> listener(&window.onDraw, [&descriptors, &meshShader](VkCommandBuffer cmd){
-    vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(cmd, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, Pipeline::pipelineLayout, 0, 2, &descriptors.set[0], 0, NULL);
-    vkCmdBindPipeline(cmd, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, Pipeline::pipeline);
-    Device::vkCmdDrawMeshTasksEXTProc(cmd, meshShader.threadCount, 1, 1);
-});
-```
-
-## How to Run
-
-```bash
-crafter-build build executable -r
-```

examples/VulkanTriangleRuntime/closesthit.glsl

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-#version 460
-#extension GL_EXT_ray_tracing : enable
-#extension GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier : enable
-
-layout(location = 0) rayPayloadInEXT vec3 hitValue;
-hitAttributeEXT vec2 attribs;
-
-void main()
-{
-  const vec3 barycentricCoords = vec3(1.0f - attribs.x - attribs.y, attribs.x, attribs.y);
-  hitValue = barycentricCoords;
-}

examples/VulkanTriangleRuntime/main.cpp

@@ -1,138 +0,0 @@
-#include "vulkan/vulkan.h"
-
-import Crafter.Graphics;
-using namespace Crafter;
-import std;
-import Crafter.Event;
-import Crafter.Math;
-
-
-int main() {
-    Device::CreateDevice();
-    WindowVulkan window(1280, 720, "HelloVulkan");
-    VkCommandBuffer cmd = window.StartInit();
-
-    std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> bindings {
-        {
-            .binding = 0,
-            .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR,
-            .descriptorCount = 1,
-            .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_RAYGEN_BIT_KHR,
-        },
-        {
-            .binding = 1,
-            .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE,
-            .descriptorCount = 1,
-            .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_RAYGEN_BIT_KHR,
-        }
-    };
-    DescriptorSetLayoutVulkan layout(std::move(bindings));
-
-    std::array<VkDescriptorSetLayout, 1> layouts {{layout.layout}};
-
-    DescriptorPool pool;
-    pool.sets.resize(1);
-    pool.BuildPool(DescriptorPool::GetPoolSizes({layout}), layouts);
-
-    std::array<VulkanShader, 3> shaders{{
-        {"raygen.spv", "main", VK_SHADER_STAGE_RAYGEN_BIT_KHR},
-        {"miss.spv", "main", VK_SHADER_STAGE_MISS_BIT_KHR},
-        {"closesthit.spv", "main", VK_SHADER_STAGE_CLOSEST_HIT_BIT_KHR}
-    }};
-
-    ShaderBindingTableVulkan shaderTable;
-    shaderTable.Init(shaders);
-
-    std::array<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR, 1> raygenGroups {{
-        {
-            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
-            .type = VK_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_TYPE_GENERAL_KHR,
-            .generalShader = 0,
-            .closestHitShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
-            .anyHitShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
-            .intersectionShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
-        },
-    }};
-    std::array<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR, 1> missGroups {{
-        {
-            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
-            .type = VK_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_TYPE_GENERAL_KHR,
-            .generalShader = 1,
-            .closestHitShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
-            .anyHitShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
-            .intersectionShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
-        },
-    }};
-    std::array<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR, 1> hitGroups {{
-        {
-            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
-            .type = VK_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_TYPE_TRIANGLES_HIT_GROUP_KHR,
-            .generalShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
-            .closestHitShader = 2,
-            .anyHitShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
-            .intersectionShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
-        },
-    }};
-
-    PipelineRTVulkan pipeline;
-    pipeline.Init(cmd, layouts, raygenGroups, missGroups, hitGroups, shaderTable);
-
-    Mesh triangleMesh;
-    std::array<Vector<float, 3, 3>, 3> verts {{{-150, -150, 100}, {0, 150, 100}, {150, -150, 100}}};
-    std::array<std::uint32_t, 3> index {{2,1,0}};
-    triangleMesh.Build(verts, index, cmd);
-    RenderingElement3D renderer = {
-        .instance = {
-            .instanceCustomIndex                    = 0,
-            .mask                                   = 0xFF,
-            .instanceShaderBindingTableRecordOffset = 0,
-            .flags                                  = VK_GEOMETRY_INSTANCE_FORCE_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR,
-            .accelerationStructureReference         = triangleMesh.blasAddr
-        }
-    };
-    MatrixRowMajor<float, 4, 3, 1> transform = MatrixRowMajor<float, 4, 3, 1>::Identity();
-    std::memcpy(renderer.instance.transform.matrix, transform.m, sizeof(transform.m));
-    RenderingElement3D::tlases.resize(1);
-    RenderingElement3D::elements.push_back(&renderer);
-    RenderingElement3D::BuildTLAS(cmd, 0);
-
-    VkDescriptorImageInfo imageInfo = {
-        .imageView = window.imageViews[0],
-        .imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL
-    };
-
-    VkWriteDescriptorSetAccelerationStructureKHR writeDescriptorSetAccelerationStructure {
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR,
-        .accelerationStructureCount = 1,
-        .pAccelerationStructures = &RenderingElement3D::tlases[0].accelerationStructure
-    };
-
-    VkWriteDescriptorSet write[2] = {
-        {
-            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
-            .pNext = &writeDescriptorSetAccelerationStructure,
-            .dstSet = pool.sets[0],
-            .dstBinding = 0,
-            .dstArrayElement = 0,
-            .descriptorCount = 1,
-            .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR,
-        },
-        {
-            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
-            .dstSet = pool.sets[0],
-            .dstBinding = 1,
-            .dstArrayElement = 0,
-            .descriptorCount = 1,
-            .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE,
-            .pImageInfo = &imageInfo
-        }
-    };
-    vkUpdateDescriptorSets(Device::device, 2, write, 0, nullptr);
-
-    window.SetPipelineRT(pipeline);
-    window.descriptorsRt = pool.sets;
-
-    window.FinishInit();
-    window.Render();
-    window.StartSync();
-}

examples/VulkanTriangleRuntime/miss.glsl

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#version 460
-#extension GL_EXT_ray_tracing : enable
-
-layout(location = 0) rayPayloadInEXT vec3 hitValue;
-
-void main()
-{
-    hitValue = vec3(1, 1, 1);
-}

examples/VulkanTriangleRuntime/raygen.glsl

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-#version 460
-#extension GL_EXT_ray_tracing : enable
-#extension GL_EXT_shader_image_load_formatted : enable
-
-layout(binding = 0, set = 0) uniform accelerationStructureEXT topLevelAS;
-layout(binding = 1, set = 0, rgba8) uniform writeonly image2D image;
-
-layout(location = 0) rayPayloadEXT vec3 hitValue;
-
-void main()
-{
-    // Pixel coordinates
-    uvec2 pixel = gl_LaunchIDEXT.xy;
-    uvec2 resolution = gl_LaunchSizeEXT.xy;
-
-    // Normalized coordinates in range [-1, 1]
-    vec2 uv = (vec2(pixel) + 0.5) / vec2(resolution);
-    vec2 ndc = uv * 2.0 - 1.0;
-
-    // Camera parameters
-    vec3 origin = vec3(0.0, 0.0, -300.0);
-
-    float aspect = float(resolution.x) / float(resolution.y);
-    float fov = radians(60.0);
-    float tanHalfFov = tan(fov * 0.5);
-
-    // Simple pinhole camera facing +Z
-    vec3 direction = normalize(vec3(
-        ndc.x * aspect * tanHalfFov,
-        -ndc.y * tanHalfFov,
-        1.0
-    ));
-
-    traceRayEXT(
-        topLevelAS,
-        gl_RayFlagsNoneEXT,
-        0xff,
-        0, 0, 0,
-        origin,
-        0.001,
-        direction,
-        10000.0,
-        0
-    );
-
-    imageStore(image, ivec2(pixel), vec4(hitValue, 1.0));
-}

examples/VulkanUI/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#include "vulkan/vulkan.h"
+#include <cassert>
+
+import Crafter.Graphics;
+using namespace Crafter;
+import std;
+import Crafter.Event;
+import Crafter.Math;
+
+
+int main() {
+    Device::Initialize();
+    Window window(1280, 720, "HelloVulkan");
+    VkCommandBuffer cmd = window.StartInit();
+    DescriptorHeapVulkan descriptorHeap;
+    descriptorHeap.Initialize(1,2,0);
+
+    VkSpecializationMapEntry entry = {
+        .constantID = 0,
+        .offset = 0,
+        .size = sizeof(uint16_t)
+    };
+
+    VkSpecializationInfo specilizationInfo = {
+        .mapEntryCount = 1,
+        .pMapEntries = &entry,
+        .dataSize = sizeof(uint16_t),
+        .pData = &descriptorHeap.bufferStartElement
+    };
+
+    std::array<VulkanShader, 1> shaders{{
+        {"raygen.spv", "main", VK_SHADER_STAGE_RAYGEN_BIT_KHR, &specilizationInfo}
+    }};
+
+    ShaderBindingTableVulkan shaderTable;
+    shaderTable.Init(shaders);
+
+    std::array<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR, 1> raygenGroups {{
+        {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
+            .type = VK_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_TYPE_GENERAL_KHR,
+            .generalShader = 0,
+            .closestHitShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
+            .anyHitShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
+            .intersectionShader = VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
+        },
+    }};
+    std::array<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR, 0> missGroups;
+    std::array<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR, 0> hitGroups;
+
+
+    PipelineRTVulkan pipeline;
+    pipeline.Init(cmd, raygenGroups, missGroups, hitGroups, shaderTable);
+
+    window.FinishInit();
+
+    RenderingElement2DVulkan<true, true> element(
+        {
+            0.5, //anchorX: relative position where this elements x anchor (top-left) is placed to its parent x anchor 
+            0.5, //anchorY: relative position where this elements y anchor (top-left) is placed to its parent y anchor 
+            0.5, //relativeSizeX: the relative x size this element should be scaled to compared to its parent
+            0.5, //relativeSizeY: the relative y size this element should be scaled to compared to its parent
+            0.5, //anchorOffsetX: the amount this element's anchor should be offset from the top left corner (0.5 to in the middle)
+            0.5, //anchorOffsetY: the amount this element's anchor should be offset from the top left corner (0.5 to place it in the middle)
+            0  //z: this elements Z position
+        },
+        2,
+        1
+    );
+    for(std::uint8_t i = 0; i < Window::numFrames; i++) {
+        reinterpret_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, true>*>(element.buffers[i])->value[0] = {1, 0, 0, 1};
+        reinterpret_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, true>*>(element.buffers[i])->value[1] = {0, 1, 0, 1};
+        reinterpret_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, true>*>(element.buffers[i])->FlushDevice();
+    }
+    RendertargetVulkan rendertarget(1280, 720, {&element});
+
+    VkImageDescriptorInfoEXT imageInfo0 = {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+        .pView = &window.imageViews[0],
+        .layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL
+    };
+
+    VkImageDescriptorInfoEXT imageInfo1 = {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+        .pView = &window.imageViews[1],
+        .layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL
+    };
+
+    VkImageDescriptorInfoEXT imageInfo2 = {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+        .pView = &window.imageViews[2],
+        .layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL
+    };
+
+    std::array<VkResourceDescriptorInfoEXT, 9> infos;
+    infos[0] = {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+        .type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE,
+        .data = { .pImage = &imageInfo0 }
+    };
+    infos[1] = {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+        .type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE,
+        .data = { .pImage = &imageInfo1 }
+    };
+    infos[2] = {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+        .type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE,
+        .data = { .pImage = &imageInfo2 }
+    };
+    
+    std::array<VkHostAddressRangeEXT, 9> ranges;
+    ranges[0] = {
+        .address = descriptorHeap.resourceHeap[0].value,
+        .size = Device::descriptorHeapProperties.imageDescriptorSize
+    };
+    ranges[1] = {
+        .address = descriptorHeap.resourceHeap[1].value,
+        .size = Device::descriptorHeapProperties.imageDescriptorSize
+    },
+    ranges[2] = {
+        .address = descriptorHeap.resourceHeap[2].value,
+        .size = Device::descriptorHeapProperties.imageDescriptorSize
+    },
+
+    rendertarget.WriteDescriptors(infos, ranges, 3, descriptorHeap.bufferStartOffset, descriptorHeap);
+
+    window.pipeline = &pipeline;
+    window.descriptorHeap = &descriptorHeap;
+
+    window.Render();
+    window.StartSync();
+}

examples/VulkanUI/project.json

@@ -7,24 +7,15 @@
             "dependencies": [
                 {
                     "path":"../../project.json",
-                    "configuration":"lib-vulkan-debug"
+                    "configuration":"lib-wayland-vulkan-debug"
                 }
             ],
+            "debug": true,
             "shaders": [
                 {
                     "path":"raygen.glsl",
                     "type": 6,
                     "entrypoint":"main"
-                },
-                {
-                    "path":"closesthit.glsl",
-                    "type": 9,
-                    "entrypoint":"main"
-                },
-                {
-                    "path":"miss.glsl",
-                    "type": 10,
-                    "entrypoint":"main"
                 }
             ]
         }

examples/VulkanUI/raygen.glsl

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#version 460
+#extension GL_EXT_ray_tracing : enable
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_image_load_formatted : enable
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_int16 : enable
+#extension GL_EXT_descriptor_heap : enable
+#extension GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier : enable
+#extension GL_EXT_shader_explicit_arithmetic_types_float16 : enable
+
+
+struct UIScaledData{
+    int16_t x;
+    int16_t y;
+    int16_t sizeX;
+    int16_t sizeY;
+    uint16_t bufferX;
+    uint16_t bufferY;
+};
+
+layout(std430, descriptor_heap) buffer UIScaledDataBuffer {
+    uint16_t count;
+    uint16_t pad[5];
+    UIScaledData data[];
+} UITransformBuffer[];
+
+layout(std430, descriptor_heap) buffer UIPixelBufferr {
+    f16vec4 pixels[];
+} UIPixelBuffer[];
+
+layout(constant_id = 0) const uint16_t bufferStart = 0us;
+layout(descriptor_heap) uniform writeonly image2D image[];
+
+void main()
+{
+    uvec2 pixel = gl_LaunchIDEXT.xy;
+    uvec2 resolution = gl_LaunchSizeEXT.xy;
+
+    vec4 hitValue = vec4(0);
+
+    for (uint16_t i = 1us; i < UITransformBuffer[bufferStart].count+1; i++) {
+        if(pixel.x > UITransformBuffer[bufferStart].data[i].x && pixel.x < UITransformBuffer[bufferStart].data[i].x + UITransformBuffer[bufferStart].data[i].sizeX && pixel.y > UITransformBuffer[bufferStart].data[i].y && pixel.y < UITransformBuffer[bufferStart].data[i].y + UITransformBuffer[bufferStart].data[i].sizeY) {
+            int16_t srcX = int16_t(float(pixel.x - UITransformBuffer[bufferStart].data[i].x) * float(UITransformBuffer[bufferStart].data[i].bufferX) / float(UITransformBuffer[bufferStart].data[i].sizeX));
+            int16_t srcY = int16_t(float(pixel.y - UITransformBuffer[bufferStart].data[i].y) * float(UITransformBuffer[bufferStart].data[i].bufferY) / float(UITransformBuffer[bufferStart].data[i].sizeY));
+            hitValue = vec4(UIPixelBuffer[bufferStart + 1].pixels[srcY * UITransformBuffer[bufferStart].data[i].bufferX + srcX]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    imageStore(image[0], ivec2(pixel), hitValue);
+}

implementations/Crafter.Graphics-Device.cpp

@@ -65,11 +65,13 @@ const char* const deviceExtensionNames[] = {
     "VK_KHR_swapchain",
     "VK_KHR_spirv_1_4",
     "VK_KHR_shader_float_controls",
-    "VK_KHR_dynamic_rendering",
     "VK_KHR_acceleration_structure",
-    "VK_KHR_deferred_host_operations",
     "VK_KHR_ray_tracing_pipeline",
-    "VK_KHR_ray_tracing_position_fetch"
+    "VK_EXT_descriptor_heap",
+    "VK_KHR_deferred_host_operations",
+    "VK_KHR_maintenance5",
+    "VK_KHR_shader_untyped_pointers",
+    "VK_EXT_device_fault"
 };
 const char* const layerNames[] = {
     "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"
@@ -79,6 +81,58 @@ const char* const layerNames[] = {
 void Device::CheckVkResult(VkResult result) {
     if (result != VK_SUCCESS)
     {
+       if(result == VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST) {
+            VkDeviceFaultCountsEXT faultCounts = {
+                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_FAULT_COUNTS_EXT,
+                .pNext = NULL,
+            };
+            Device::vkGetDeviceFaultInfoEXT(device, &faultCounts, NULL);
+
+            std::vector<VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT> addressInfos(faultCounts.addressInfoCount);
+            std::vector<VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT> vendorInfos(faultCounts.vendorInfoCount);
+            std::vector<char> vendorBinaryData(faultCounts.vendorBinarySize);
+
+            VkDeviceFaultInfoEXT faultInfo = {
+                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_FAULT_INFO_EXT,
+                .pNext = NULL,
+                .pAddressInfos = addressInfos.data(),
+                .pVendorInfos = vendorInfos.data(),
+                .pVendorBinaryData = vendorBinaryData.data(),
+            };
+            Device::vkGetDeviceFaultInfoEXT(device, &faultCounts, &faultInfo);
+
+            std::println("{}", faultInfo.description);
+
+            std::println("{} AddressInfos:", addressInfos.size());
+            for(const VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT& info : addressInfos) {
+                std::println("\t{} {}", static_cast<uint32_t>(info.addressType), info.reportedAddress);
+            }
+
+            std::println("{} vendorInfos:", vendorInfos.size());
+            for(const VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT& info : vendorInfos) {
+                std::println("\t{} {} {}", info.description, info.vendorFaultCode, info.vendorFaultData);
+            }
+
+            if(!vendorBinaryData.empty()) {
+                std::string ext = ".bin";
+                if(vendorBinaryData.size() >= sizeof(VkDeviceFaultVendorBinaryHeaderVersionOneEXT)) {
+                    VkDeviceFaultVendorBinaryHeaderVersionOneEXT header;
+                    std::memcpy(&header, vendorBinaryData.data(), sizeof(header));
+                    if(header.vendorID == 0x10DE) { // NVIDIA
+                        ext = ".nv-gpudmp";
+                    }
+                }
+                const auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+                const std::string dumpPath = std::format("gpu_crash_dump-{:%Y%m%d-%H%M%S}{}", now, ext);
+                std::ofstream file(dumpPath, std::ios::binary);
+                if(file.write(vendorBinaryData.data(), vendorBinaryData.size())) {
+                    std::println("Vendor binary saved to: {}", std::filesystem::canonical(dumpPath).string());
+                } else {
+                    std::println(stderr, "Failed to write vendor binary to: {}", dumpPath);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         throw std::runtime_error(string_VkResult(result));
     }    
 } 
@@ -157,6 +211,33 @@ constexpr CrafterKeys keysym_to_crafter_key(xkb_keysym_t sym)
         case XKB_KEY_y: return CrafterKeys::Y;
         case XKB_KEY_z: return CrafterKeys::Z;
 
+        case XKB_KEY_A: return CrafterKeys::A;
+        case XKB_KEY_B: return CrafterKeys::B;
+        case XKB_KEY_C: return CrafterKeys::C;
+        case XKB_KEY_D: return CrafterKeys::D;
+        case XKB_KEY_E: return CrafterKeys::E;
+        case XKB_KEY_F: return CrafterKeys::F;
+        case XKB_KEY_G: return CrafterKeys::G;
+        case XKB_KEY_H: return CrafterKeys::H;
+        case XKB_KEY_I: return CrafterKeys::I;
+        case XKB_KEY_J: return CrafterKeys::J;
+        case XKB_KEY_K: return CrafterKeys::K;
+        case XKB_KEY_L: return CrafterKeys::L;
+        case XKB_KEY_M: return CrafterKeys::M;
+        case XKB_KEY_N: return CrafterKeys::N;
+        case XKB_KEY_O: return CrafterKeys::O;
+        case XKB_KEY_P: return CrafterKeys::P;
+        case XKB_KEY_Q: return CrafterKeys::Q;
+        case XKB_KEY_R: return CrafterKeys::R;
+        case XKB_KEY_S: return CrafterKeys::S;
+        case XKB_KEY_T: return CrafterKeys::T;
+        case XKB_KEY_U: return CrafterKeys::U;
+        case XKB_KEY_V: return CrafterKeys::V;
+        case XKB_KEY_W: return CrafterKeys::W;
+        case XKB_KEY_X: return CrafterKeys::X;
+        case XKB_KEY_Y: return CrafterKeys::Y;
+        case XKB_KEY_Z: return CrafterKeys::Z;
+
         // Numbers
         case XKB_KEY_0: return CrafterKeys::_0;
         case XKB_KEY_1: return CrafterKeys::_1;
@@ -246,8 +327,7 @@ constexpr CrafterKeys keysym_to_crafter_key(xkb_keysym_t sym)
         case XKB_KEY_period:      return CrafterKeys::period;
         case XKB_KEY_slash:       return CrafterKeys::slash;
 
-        default:
-            throw std::runtime_error(std::format("Unkown XKB_KEY: {}", sym));
+        default: return CrafterKeys::CrafterKeysMax;
     }
 }
 
@@ -407,31 +487,39 @@ void Device::keyboard_leave(void *data, wl_keyboard *keyboard, uint32_t serial,
 
 }
 
-
-
 void Device::keyboard_key(void *data, wl_keyboard *keyboard, uint32_t serial, uint32_t time, uint32_t key, uint32_t state) {
     xkb_keycode_t keycode = key + 8;
     xkb_keysym_t keysym = xkb_state_key_get_one_sym(xkb_state, keycode);
     CrafterKeys crafterKey = keysym_to_crafter_key(keysym);
 
     if (state == WL_KEYBOARD_KEY_STATE_PRESSED) {
-        if(Device::focusedWindow->heldkeys[static_cast<std::uint8_t>(crafterKey)]) {
-            Device::focusedWindow->onKeyHold[static_cast<std::uint8_t>(crafterKey)].Invoke();
-            Device::focusedWindow->onAnyKeyHold.Invoke(crafterKey);
+        if (focusedWindow->heldkeys[(std::uint8_t)crafterKey]) {
+            focusedWindow->onKeyHold[(std::uint8_t)crafterKey].Invoke();
+            focusedWindow->onAnyKeyHold.Invoke(crafterKey);
         } else {
-            Device::focusedWindow->heldkeys[static_cast<std::uint8_t>(crafterKey)] = true;
-            Device::focusedWindow->onKeyDown[static_cast<std::uint8_t>(crafterKey)].Invoke();
-            Device::focusedWindow->onAnyKeyDown.Invoke(crafterKey);
+            focusedWindow->heldkeys[(std::uint8_t)crafterKey] = true;
+            focusedWindow->onKeyDown[(std::uint8_t)crafterKey].Invoke();
+            focusedWindow->onAnyKeyDown.Invoke(crafterKey);
+        }
+
+        std::string buf;
+        buf.resize(16);
+        int n = xkb_state_key_get_utf8(xkb_state, keycode, buf.data(), 16);
+        if (n > 0) {
+            if ((unsigned char)buf[0] >= 0x20 && buf[0] != 0x7f) {
+                buf.resize(n);
+                focusedWindow->onTextInput.Invoke(buf);
+            }
         }
     } else {
-        Device::focusedWindow->heldkeys[static_cast<std::uint8_t>(crafterKey)] = false;
-        Device::focusedWindow->onKeyUp[static_cast<std::uint8_t>(crafterKey)].Invoke();
-        Device::focusedWindow->onAnyKeyUp.Invoke(crafterKey);
+        focusedWindow->heldkeys[(std::uint8_t)crafterKey] = false;
+        focusedWindow->onKeyUp[(std::uint8_t)crafterKey].Invoke();
+        focusedWindow->onAnyKeyUp.Invoke(crafterKey);
     }
 }
 
 void Device::keyboard_modifiers(void *data, wl_keyboard *keyboard, uint32_t serial, uint32_t mods_depressed, uint32_t mods_latched, uint32_t mods_locked, uint32_t group) {
-
+    xkb_state_update_mask(xkb_state, mods_depressed, mods_latched, mods_locked, 0, 0, group);
 }
 
 void Device::keyboard_repeat_info(void *data, wl_keyboard *keyboard, int32_t rate, int32_t delay) {
@@ -477,8 +565,19 @@ void Device::Initialize() {
 	app.pEngineName      = "Crafter.Graphics";
 	app.apiVersion       = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 4, 0);
 
+    VkValidationFeatureEnableEXT enables[] = {
+        VK_VALIDATION_FEATURE_ENABLE_GPU_ASSISTED_EXT
+    };
+
+    VkValidationFeaturesEXT validationFeatures = {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_VALIDATION_FEATURES_EXT,
+        .enabledValidationFeatureCount = 1,
+        .pEnabledValidationFeatures = enables
+    };
+
     VkInstanceCreateInfo instanceCreateInfo = {};
     instanceCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
+    instanceCreateInfo.pNext = &validationFeatures;
     instanceCreateInfo.pApplicationInfo = &app;
     instanceCreateInfo.enabledExtensionCount = sizeof(instanceExtensionNames) / sizeof(const char*);
     instanceCreateInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = instanceExtensionNames;
@@ -529,17 +628,10 @@ void Device::Initialize() {
     {
         VkPhysicalDevice device = physDevices[i];
 
-        VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 properties2{
-           .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2,
-           .pNext = &rayTracingProperties
-        };
-        vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2(device, &properties2);
+        uint32_t score;
 
         VkPhysicalDeviceProperties properties;
         vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(device, &properties);
-
-        uint32_t score;
-
         switch (properties.deviceType)
         {
         default :
@@ -568,6 +660,11 @@ void Device::Initialize() {
         }
     }
 
+    VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 properties2 {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2,
+        .pNext = &rayTracingProperties
+    };
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2(physDevice, &properties2);
     
     uint32_t queueFamilyCount;
     vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physDevice, &queueFamilyCount, NULL);
@@ -593,21 +690,50 @@ void Device::Initialize() {
     queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;
     queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &priority;
 
+    VkPhysicalDeviceFaultFeaturesEXT faultFeatures2 = {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FAULT_FEATURES_EXT,
+    };
+    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 features22 = {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2,
+        .pNext = &faultFeatures2,
+    };
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(physDevice, &features22);
+
+    VkPhysicalDeviceFaultFeaturesEXT faultFeatures = {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FAULT_FEATURES_EXT,
+        .deviceFault = VK_TRUE,
+        .deviceFaultVendorBinary = faultFeatures2.deviceFaultVendorBinary,
+    };
+
+    VkPhysicalDeviceShaderUntypedPointersFeaturesKHR untypedPointersFeatures {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_UNTYPED_POINTERS_FEATURES_KHR,
+        .pNext = &faultFeatures,
+        .shaderUntypedPointers = VK_TRUE,
+    };
+
+    VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorHeapFeaturesEXT desciptorHeapFeatures {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_FEATURES_EXT,
+        .pNext = &untypedPointersFeatures,
+        .descriptorHeap = VK_TRUE,
+    };
+
+    VkPhysicalDevice16BitStorageFeatures bit16 {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_16BIT_STORAGE_FEATURES,
+        .pNext = &desciptorHeapFeatures,
+        .storageBuffer16BitAccess = VK_TRUE,
+    };
+
     VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features features12 {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_2_FEATURES,
+        .pNext = &bit16,
+        .shaderFloat16 = VK_TRUE,
         .runtimeDescriptorArray = VK_TRUE,
         .bufferDeviceAddress = VK_TRUE
     };
 
-    VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPositionFetchFeaturesKHR vkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPositionFetchFeatures {
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_RAY_TRACING_POSITION_FETCH_FEATURES_KHR,
-        .pNext = &features12,
-        .rayTracingPositionFetch = VK_TRUE
-    };
-
     VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelineFeaturesKHR physicalDeviceRayTracingPipelineFeatures{
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_RAY_TRACING_PIPELINE_FEATURES_KHR,
-        .pNext = &vkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPositionFetchFeatures,
+        .pNext = &features12,
         .rayTracingPipeline = VK_TRUE
     };
 
@@ -617,21 +743,14 @@ void Device::Initialize() {
         .accelerationStructure = VK_TRUE
     };
 
-    VkPhysicalDeviceDynamicRenderingFeaturesKHR dynamicRenderingFeature = {VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DYNAMIC_RENDERING_FEATURES_KHR};
-    dynamicRenderingFeature.dynamicRendering = VK_FALSE;
-    dynamicRenderingFeature.pNext = &deviceAccelerationStructureFeature;
-
-    VkPhysicalDeviceMeshShaderFeaturesEXT ext_feature = {VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MESH_SHADER_FEATURES_EXT};
-    ext_feature.meshShader = VK_FALSE;
-    ext_feature.pNext = &dynamicRenderingFeature;
-
     VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 physical_features2 = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2,
+        .pNext = &deviceAccelerationStructureFeature,
         .features = {
-            .samplerAnisotropy = VK_TRUE
+            .samplerAnisotropy = VK_TRUE,
+            .shaderInt16 = VK_TRUE
         }
     };
-    physical_features2.pNext = &ext_feature;
 
     VkDeviceCreateInfo deviceCreateInfo = {};
     deviceCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
@@ -684,6 +803,11 @@ void Device::Initialize() {
     vkCreateRayTracingPipelinesKHR =  reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkCreateRayTracingPipelinesKHR>(vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCreateRayTracingPipelinesKHR"));
     vkGetRayTracingShaderGroupHandlesKHR =  reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkGetRayTracingShaderGroupHandlesKHR>(vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkGetRayTracingShaderGroupHandlesKHR"));
     vkCmdTraceRaysKHR = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkCmdTraceRaysKHR>(vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCmdTraceRaysKHR"));
+    vkCmdBindResourceHeapEXT = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkCmdBindResourceHeapEXT>(vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCmdBindResourceHeapEXT"));
+    vkCmdBindSamplerHeapEXT = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkCmdBindSamplerHeapEXT>(vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCmdBindSamplerHeapEXT"));
+    vkWriteResourceDescriptorsEXT = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkWriteResourceDescriptorsEXT>(vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkWriteResourceDescriptorsEXT"));
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceDescriptorSizeEXT = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceDescriptorSizeEXT>(vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceDescriptorSizeEXT"));
+    vkGetDeviceFaultInfoEXT = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkGetDeviceFaultInfoEXT>(vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkGetDeviceFaultInfoEXT"));
     #endif
 }
 

implementations/Crafter.Graphics-Font.cpp

@@ -57,3 +57,14 @@ Font::Font(const std::filesystem::path& fontFilePath) {
     this->descent = descent;
     this->lineGap = lineGap;
 }
+
+std::uint32_t Font::GetLineWidth(const std::string_view text, float size) {
+    float scale = stbtt_ScaleForPixelHeight(&font, size);
+    std::uint32_t lineWidth = 0;
+    for (const char c : text) {
+        int advance, lsb;
+        stbtt_GetCodepointHMetrics(&font, c, &advance, &lsb);
+        lineWidth += (int)(advance * scale);
+    }
+    return lineWidth;
+}

implementations/Crafter.Graphics-RenderingElement3D.cpp

@@ -114,6 +114,12 @@ void RenderingElement3D::BuildTLAS(VkCommandBuffer cmd, std::uint32_t index) {
         0, nullptr,
         0, nullptr
     );
+
+    VkAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressInfoKHR addrInfo {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_INFO_KHR,
+        .accelerationStructure = tlases[index].accelerationStructure
+    };
+    tlases[index].address = Device::vkGetAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressKHR(Device::device, &addrInfo);
 }
 
 #endif

implementations/Crafter.Graphics-Rendertarget.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*
+Crafter®.Graphics
+Copyright (C) 2026 Catcrafts®
+catcrafts.net
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+License version 3.0 as published by the Free Software Foundation;
+
+This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA
+*/
+
+module;
+#ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_VULKAN
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#endif
+module Crafter.Graphics:Rendertarget_impl;
+#ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_VULKAN
+import :Rendertarget;
+import :Window;
+import :DescriptorHeapVulkan;
+import :RenderingElement2DVulkan;
+import std;
+using namespace Crafter;
+
+
+RendertargetVulkan::RendertargetVulkan(std::uint16_t sizeX, std::uint16_t sizeY) : RendertargetBase(sizeX, sizeY) {
+
+}
+
+void RendertargetVulkan::UpdateElements() {
+    elements.clear();
+    std::sort(transform.children.begin(), transform.children.end(), [](Transform2D* a, Transform2D* b){ return a->anchor.z < b->anchor.z; });
+    for(Transform2D* child : transform.children) {
+        SetOrderResursive(child);
+    }
+}
+
+void RendertargetVulkan::CreateBuffer(std::uint8_t frame) {
+    transformBuffer[frame].Resize(VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, elements.size()+1);
+    RenderingElement2DVulkanTransformInfo* val =  reinterpret_cast<RenderingElement2DVulkanTransformInfo*>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(transformBuffer[frame].value) + sizeof(RenderingElement2DVulkanTransformInfo));
+    std::uint16_t* sizePtr =  reinterpret_cast<std::uint16_t*>(transformBuffer[frame].value);
+    *sizePtr = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(elements.size());
+    for(std::uint16_t i = 0; i < elements.size(); i++) {
+        val[i].bufferX = elements[i]->bufferX;
+        val[i].bufferY = elements[i]->bufferY;
+    }
+    transformBuffer[frame].FlushDevice();
+}
+
+void RendertargetVulkan::ReorderBuffer(std::uint8_t frame) {
+    RenderingElement2DVulkanTransformInfo* val =  reinterpret_cast<RenderingElement2DVulkanTransformInfo*>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(transformBuffer[frame].value) + sizeof(RenderingElement2DVulkanTransformInfo));
+    for(std::uint16_t i = 0; i < elements.size(); i++) {
+        val[i].scaled = elements[i]->scaled;
+        val[i].bufferX = elements[i]->bufferX;
+        val[i].bufferY = elements[i]->bufferY;
+    }
+    transformBuffer[frame].FlushDevice();
+}
+
+void RendertargetVulkan::WriteDescriptors(std::span<VkResourceDescriptorInfoEXT> infos, std::span<VkHostAddressRangeEXT> ranges, std::uint16_t start, std::uint32_t bufferOffset, DescriptorHeapVulkan& descriptorHeap) {
+    VkDeviceAddressRangeKHR transformRanges[Window::numFrames] = {
+        {
+            .address = transformBuffer[0].address,
+            .size = transformBuffer[0].size
+        },
+        {
+            .address = transformBuffer[1].address,
+            .size = transformBuffer[1].size
+        },
+        {
+            .address = transformBuffer[2].address,
+            .size = transformBuffer[2].size
+        }
+    };
+
+    for(std::uint8_t i = 0; i < Window::numFrames; i++) {
+        ranges[start + i] = {
+            .address = descriptorHeap.resourceHeap[i].value + bufferOffset,
+            .size = Device::descriptorHeapProperties.bufferDescriptorSize
+        };
+        infos[start + i] = {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+            .type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
+            .data = { .pAddressRange =  &transformRanges[i]}
+        };
+    }
+
+    start += 3;
+    bufferOffset += Device::descriptorHeapProperties.bufferDescriptorSize;
+
+    std::vector<VkDeviceAddressRangeKHR> bufferRanges(elements.size() * Window::numFrames);
+
+    std::uint16_t rangeOffset = 0;
+
+    for(std::uint8_t i2 = 0; i2 < Window::numFrames; i2++) {
+        for(std::uint16_t i = 0; i < elements.size(); i++) {
+            ranges[start + i] = {
+                .address = descriptorHeap.resourceHeap[i2].value + bufferOffset + Device::descriptorHeapProperties.bufferDescriptorSize * i,
+                .size = Device::descriptorHeapProperties.bufferDescriptorSize
+            };
+            infos[start + i] = {
+                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+                .type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
+                .data = { .pAddressRange = &bufferRanges[i]}
+            };
+            bufferRanges[rangeOffset + i] =  {
+                .address = elements[i]->buffers[i2]->address,
+                .size = elements[i]->buffers[i2]->size
+            };
+        }
+        start += elements.size();
+        rangeOffset += elements.size();
+    }
+
+    Device::vkWriteResourceDescriptorsEXT(Device::device, start, infos.data(), ranges.data());
+
+    for(std::uint8_t i = 0; i < Window::numFrames; i++) {
+        descriptorHeap.resourceHeap[i].FlushDevice();
+    }
+}
+
+void RendertargetVulkan::SetOrderResursive(Transform2D* elementTransform) {
+    RenderingElement2DVulkanBase* renderer = dynamic_cast<RenderingElement2DVulkanBase*>(elementTransform);
+    if(renderer) {
+        renderer->index = elements.size();
+        elements.push_back(renderer);
+    }
+    std::sort(elementTransform->children.begin(), elementTransform->children.end(), [](Transform2D* a, Transform2D* b){ return a->anchor.z < b->anchor.z; });
+    for(Transform2D* childTransform : elementTransform->children) {
+        SetOrderResursive(childTransform);
+    }
+}
+#endif

implementations/Crafter.Graphics-Transform2D.cpp

@@ -28,6 +28,6 @@ import std;
 using namespace Crafter;
 
 
-Anchor2D::Anchor2D(float x, float y, float width, float height, float offsetX, float offsetY, std::int32_t z, bool maintainAspectRatio): x(x), y(y), width(width), height(height), offsetX(offsetX), offsetY(offsetY), z(z), maintainAspectRatio(maintainAspectRatio) {
+Anchor2D::Anchor2D(float x, float y, float width, float height, float offsetX, float offsetY, std::uint8_t z, bool maintainAspectRatio): x(x), y(y), width(width), height(height), offsetX(offsetX), offsetY(offsetY), z(z), maintainAspectRatio(maintainAspectRatio) {
 
 }

implementations/Crafter.Graphics-Window.cpp

@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ import :MouseElement;
 import :Device;
 #ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_VULKAN
 import :VulkanTransition;
+import :DescriptorHeapVulkan;
+import :PipelineRTVulkan;
 #endif
 import std;
 
@@ -270,49 +272,65 @@ LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
             PostQuitMessage(0);
             break;
         }
-        case WM_KEYDOWN:{
-            if ((lParam & (1 << 30)) == 0) {  // only first press
+        case WM_KEYDOWN:
+        case WM_SYSKEYDOWN: {  // SYSKEYDOWN catches Alt combos, F10, etc.
             CrafterKeys crafterKey = vk_to_crafter_key(wParam);
-                if(window->heldkeys[static_cast<std::uint8_t>(crafterKey)]) {
-                    window->onKeyHold[static_cast<std::uint8_t>(crafterKey)].Invoke();
+            bool isRepeat = (lParam & (1 << 30)) != 0;
+
+            if (isRepeat) {
+                window->onKeyHold[(uint8_t)crafterKey].Invoke();
                 window->onAnyKeyHold.Invoke(crafterKey);
             } else {
-                    window->heldkeys[static_cast<std::uint8_t>(crafterKey)] = true;
-                    window->onKeyDown[static_cast<std::uint8_t>(crafterKey)].Invoke();
+                window->heldkeys[(uint8_t)crafterKey] = true;
+                window->onKeyDown[(uint8_t)crafterKey].Invoke();
                 window->onAnyKeyDown.Invoke(crafterKey);
             }
-            }
             break;
         }
-        case WM_KEYUP: {
+
+        case WM_KEYUP:
+        case WM_SYSKEYUP: {
             CrafterKeys crafterKey = vk_to_crafter_key(wParam);
-            window->heldkeys[static_cast<std::uint8_t>(crafterKey)] = false;
-            window->onKeyUp[static_cast<std::uint8_t>(crafterKey)].Invoke();
+            window->heldkeys[(uint8_t)crafterKey] = false;
+            window->onKeyUp[(uint8_t)crafterKey].Invoke();
             window->onAnyKeyUp.Invoke(crafterKey);
             break;
         }
-        case WM_MOUSEMOVE: {
-            int x = LOWORD(lParam);
-            int y = HIWORD(lParam);
 
-            Vector<float, 2> pos(x, y);
-            window->currentMousePos = pos;
-	        window->onMouseMove.Invoke();
-            for(MouseElement* element : window->mouseElements) {
-                if(element) {
-                    if(window->currentMousePos.x >= element->scaled.position.x && window->currentMousePos.x <= element->scaled.position.x+element->scaled.size.x && window->currentMousePos.y > element->scaled.position.y && window->currentMousePos.y < element->scaled.position.y+element->scaled.size.y) {
-                        element->onMouseMove.Invoke();
-                        if(!element->mouseHover) {
-                            element->mouseHover = true;
-                            element->onMouseEnter.Invoke();
+        case WM_CHAR: {
+            // wParam is a UTF-16 code unit. May be a surrogate — buffer until we have a pair.
+            wchar_t wc = (wchar_t)wParam;
+
+            // Filter control characters (backspace=0x08, tab=0x09, enter=0x0D, escape=0x1B, etc.)
+            if (wc < 0x20 || wc == 0x7f) break;
+
+            // Handle UTF-16 surrogate pairs (characters outside the BMP, e.g. emoji).
+            static wchar_t highSurrogate = 0;
+            wchar_t utf16[2];
+            int utf16Len;
+
+            if (wc >= 0xD800 && wc <= 0xDBFF) {
+                // High surrogate — stash it and wait for the low surrogate.
+                highSurrogate = wc;
+                break;
+            } else if (wc >= 0xDC00 && wc <= 0xDFFF) {
+                // Low surrogate — pair with the stashed high surrogate.
+                if (highSurrogate == 0) break;  // orphaned low surrogate, ignore
+                utf16[0] = highSurrogate;
+                utf16[1] = wc;
+                utf16Len = 2;
+                highSurrogate = 0;
+            } else {
+                utf16[0] = wc;
+                utf16Len = 1;
             }
-                    } else if(element->mouseHover) {
-                        element->mouseHover = false
-                        element->onMouseLeave.Invoke();
+
+            // Convert UTF-16 to UTF-8.
+            char utf8[8];
+            int n = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, utf16, utf16Len, utf8, sizeof(utf8), nullptr, nullptr);
+            if (n > 0) {
+                window->onTextInput.Invoke(std::string(utf8, n));
             }
-                }
-            }	
-            window->mouseElements.erase(std::remove(window->mouseElements.begin(), window->mouseElements.end(), static_cast<MouseElement*>(nullptr)), window->mouseElements.end());
             break;
         }
         case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: {
@@ -367,6 +385,14 @@ LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
             break;
         }
 
+        case WM_SETCURSOR: {
+            if (LOWORD(lParam) == HTCLIENT && window->cursorHandle) {
+                SetCursor(window->cursorHandle);
+                return TRUE;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
         default: return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
     }
     return 0;
@@ -596,6 +622,34 @@ void Window::SetCusorImage(std::uint16_t sizeX, std::uint16_t sizeY) {
     wl_surface_damage(cursorSurface, 0, 0, sizeX, sizeY);
     wl_surface_commit(cursorSurface);
     #endif
+    #ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_WINDOW_WIN32
+    if (cursorBitmap) {
+        DeleteObject(cursorBitmap);
+    }
+    if (cursorHandle) {
+        DestroyCursor(cursorHandle);
+        cursorHandle = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    BITMAPINFO bmi = {};
+    bmi.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
+    bmi.bmiHeader.biWidth = sizeX;
+    bmi.bmiHeader.biHeight = -(int)sizeY; // top-down
+    bmi.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
+    bmi.bmiHeader.biBitCount = 32;
+    bmi.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
+
+    HDC hdc = GetDC(nullptr);
+    cursorBitmap = CreateDIBSection(hdc, &bmi, DIB_RGB_COLORS, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&cursorRenderer.buffer[0]), nullptr, 0);
+    ReleaseDC(nullptr, hdc);
+
+    if (!cursorBitmap) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("CreateDIBSection failed for cursor");
+    }
+
+    cursorSizeX = sizeX;
+    cursorSizeY = sizeY;
+    #endif
 }
 
 void Window::SetCusorImageDefault() {
@@ -604,9 +658,21 @@ void Window::SetCusorImageDefault() {
     wl_surface_destroy(cursorSurface);
     cursorSurface = nullptr;
     #endif
+    #ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_WINDOW_WIN32
+    if (cursorHandle) {
+        DestroyCursor(cursorHandle);
+        cursorHandle = nullptr;
+    }
+    if (cursorBitmap) {
+        DeleteObject(cursorBitmap);
+        cursorBitmap = nullptr;
+    }
+    // Setting nullptr will make WM_SETCURSOR fall through to the default
+    #endif
 }
 
 void Window::UpdateCursorImage() {
+    #ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_WINDOW_WAYLAND
     cursorRenderer.Render(0);
     for(std::uint32_t i = 0; i < cursorBufferOldSize / 4; i++) {
         std::swap(cursorRenderer.buffer[0][i].b, cursorRenderer.buffer[0][i].r);
@@ -614,6 +680,35 @@ void Window::UpdateCursorImage() {
     wl_surface_attach(cursorSurface, cursorWlBuffer, 0, 0);
     wl_surface_damage(cursorSurface, 0, 0, 9999999, 99999999);
     wl_surface_commit(cursorSurface);
+    #endif
+    #ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_WINDOW_WIN32
+    cursorRenderer.Render(0);
+
+    // Swap R and B channels (renderer is RGBA, GDI DIB is BGRA)
+    for (std::uint32_t i = 0; i < (std::uint32_t)(cursorSizeX * cursorSizeY); i++) {
+        std::swap(cursorRenderer.buffer[0][i].r, cursorRenderer.buffer[0][i].b);
+    }
+
+    // Create a mask bitmap (all zeros = fully opaque, alpha comes from color bitmap)
+    HBITMAP hMask = CreateBitmap(cursorSizeX, cursorSizeY, 1, 1, nullptr);
+
+    ICONINFO ii = {};
+    ii.fIcon = FALSE;
+    ii.xHotspot = 0;
+    ii.yHotspot = 0;
+    ii.hbmMask = hMask;
+    ii.hbmColor = cursorBitmap;
+
+    if (cursorHandle) {
+        DestroyCursor(cursorHandle);
+    }
+    cursorHandle = (HCURSOR)CreateIconIndirect(&ii);
+    DeleteObject(hMask);
+
+    if (cursorHandle) {
+        SetCursor(cursorHandle);
+    }
+    #endif
 }
 
 void Window::StartSync() {
@@ -736,19 +831,31 @@ void Window::Render() {
     }
     #endif
 
-    vkCmdBindPipeline(drawCmdBuffers[currentBuffer], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_RAY_TRACING_KHR, rtPipeline);
-    VkBindDescriptorSetsInfo bindDescriptorSetsInfo{
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_DESCRIPTOR_SETS_INFO,
-        .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL,
-        .layout = rtPipelineLayout,
-        .firstSet = 0,
-        .descriptorSetCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(descriptorsRt.size()),
-        .pDescriptorSets = descriptorsRt.data()
+    vkCmdBindPipeline(drawCmdBuffers[currentBuffer], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_RAY_TRACING_KHR, pipeline->pipeline);
+    
+    VkBindHeapInfoEXT resourceHeapInfo = {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_HEAP_INFO_EXT,
+        .heapRange = {
+            .address = descriptorHeap->resourceHeap[currentBuffer].address,
+            .size = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(descriptorHeap->resourceHeap[currentBuffer].size)
+        },
+        .reservedRangeOffset = (descriptorHeap->resourceHeap[currentBuffer].size  - Device::descriptorHeapProperties.minResourceHeapReservedRange) & ~(Device::descriptorHeapProperties.imageDescriptorAlignment - 1),
+        .reservedRangeSize = Device::descriptorHeapProperties.minResourceHeapReservedRange
     };
+    Device::vkCmdBindResourceHeapEXT(drawCmdBuffers[currentBuffer], &resourceHeapInfo);
 
-    vkCmdBindDescriptorSets2(drawCmdBuffers[currentBuffer], &bindDescriptorSetsInfo);
-    Device::vkCmdTraceRaysKHR(drawCmdBuffers[currentBuffer], &raygenRegion, &missRegion, &hitRegion, &callableRegion, width, height, 1);
+    VkBindHeapInfoEXT samplerHeapInfo = {
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_HEAP_INFO_EXT,
+        .heapRange = {
+            .address = descriptorHeap->samplerHeap[currentBuffer].address,
+            .size = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(descriptorHeap->samplerHeap[currentBuffer].size)
+        },
+        .reservedRangeOffset = descriptorHeap->samplerHeap[currentBuffer].size - Device::descriptorHeapProperties.minSamplerHeapReservedRange,
+        .reservedRangeSize = Device::descriptorHeapProperties.minSamplerHeapReservedRange
+    };
+    Device::vkCmdBindSamplerHeapEXT(drawCmdBuffers[currentBuffer], &samplerHeapInfo);
 
+    Device::vkCmdTraceRaysKHR(drawCmdBuffers[currentBuffer], &pipeline->raygenRegion, &pipeline->missRegion, &pipeline->hitRegion, &pipeline->callableRegion, width, height, 1);
 
     VkImageMemoryBarrier image_memory_barrier2 {
         .sType               = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
@@ -918,9 +1025,6 @@ void Window::CreateSwapchain()
 
 	// If an existing swap chain is re-created, destroy the old swap chain and the ressources owned by the application (image views, images are owned by the swap chain)
 	if (oldSwapchain != VK_NULL_HANDLE) { 
-		for (auto i = 0; i < numFrames; i++) {
-			vkDestroyImageView(Device::device, imageViews[i], nullptr);
-		}
 		vkDestroySwapchainKHR(Device::device, oldSwapchain, nullptr);
 	}
 	uint32_t imageCount{ 0 };
@@ -929,34 +1033,27 @@ void Window::CreateSwapchain()
 	// Get the swap chain images
 	Device::CheckVkResult(vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(Device::device, swapChain, &imageCount, images));
 
-	for (auto i = 0; i < numFrames; i++)
-	{
-		VkImageViewCreateInfo colorAttachmentView = {};
-		colorAttachmentView.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
-		colorAttachmentView.pNext = NULL;
-		colorAttachmentView.format = colorFormat;
-		colorAttachmentView.components = {
+	for (std::uint8_t i = 0; i < numFrames; i++) {
+        imageViews[i] = {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
+            .flags = 0,
+            .image = images[i],
+            .viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
+            .format = colorFormat,
+            .components = {
                 VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R,
                 VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G,
                 VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B,
                 VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A
+            },
+            .subresourceRange = {
+                .aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+                .baseMipLevel = 0,
+                .levelCount = 1,
+                .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+                .layerCount = 1,
+            },
         };
-		colorAttachmentView.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
-		colorAttachmentView.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
-		colorAttachmentView.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
-		colorAttachmentView.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
-		colorAttachmentView.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
-		colorAttachmentView.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
-		colorAttachmentView.flags = 0;
-		colorAttachmentView.image = images[i];
-		Device::CheckVkResult(vkCreateImageView(Device::device, &colorAttachmentView, nullptr, &imageViews[i]));
-
-        VkImageSubresourceRange range{};
-        range.aspectMask     = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
-        range.baseMipLevel   = 0;
-        range.levelCount     = VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS;
-        range.baseArrayLayer = 0;
-        range.layerCount     = VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS;
 	}
 }
 

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-DescriptorHeapVulkan.cppm

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+Crafter®.Graphics
+Copyright (C) 2026 Catcrafts®
+catcrafts.net
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+License version 3.0 as published by the Free Software Foundation;
+
+This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA
+*/
+
+module;
+#ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_VULKAN
+#include "vulkan/vulkan.h"
+#endif
+export module Crafter.Graphics:DescriptorHeapVulkan;
+#ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_VULKAN
+import std;
+import :Device;
+import :Window;
+import :Types;
+import :VulkanBuffer;
+
+export namespace Crafter {
+    struct DescriptorHeapVulkan {
+        VulkanBuffer<std::uint8_t, true> resourceHeap[Window::numFrames];
+        VulkanBuffer<std::uint8_t, true> samplerHeap[Window::numFrames];
+        std::uint32_t bufferStartOffset;
+        std::uint16_t bufferStartElement;
+        
+        void Initialize(std::uint16_t images, std::uint16_t buffers, std::uint16_t samplers) {
+            std::uint32_t descriptorRegion = images * Device::descriptorHeapProperties.imageDescriptorSize + buffers * Device::descriptorHeapProperties.bufferDescriptorSize;
+            std::uint32_t alignedDescriptorRegion = (descriptorRegion + Device::descriptorHeapProperties.imageDescriptorAlignment - 1) & ~(Device::descriptorHeapProperties.imageDescriptorAlignment - 1);
+            std::uint32_t resourceSize = alignedDescriptorRegion + Device::descriptorHeapProperties.minResourceHeapReservedRange;
+            std::uint32_t samplerSize = samplers * Device::descriptorHeapProperties.samplerDescriptorSize + Device::descriptorHeapProperties.minSamplerHeapReservedRange;
+            bufferStartElement = images * Device::descriptorHeapProperties.imageDescriptorSize / Device::descriptorHeapProperties.bufferDescriptorSize;
+
+            if(images > 0 && bufferStartElement == 0) {
+                bufferStartElement = 1;
+            }
+            bufferStartOffset = bufferStartElement * Device::descriptorHeapProperties.bufferDescriptorSize;
+            for(std::uint8_t i = 0; i < Window::numFrames; i++) {
+                resourceHeap[i].Resize(VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_BIT_EXT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, resourceSize);
+                samplerHeap[i].Resize(VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_BIT_EXT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, samplerSize);
+            }
+        }
+        inline static std::uint32_t GetBufferOffset(std::uint16_t images, std::uint16_t buffers) {
+            std::uint32_t bufferStartElement = images * Device::descriptorHeapProperties.imageDescriptorSize / Device::descriptorHeapProperties.bufferDescriptorSize;
+
+            if(images > 0 && bufferStartElement == 0) {
+                bufferStartElement = 1;
+            }
+            return bufferStartElement * Device::descriptorHeapProperties.bufferDescriptorSize;
+        }
+        inline static std::uint16_t GetBufferOffsetElement(std::uint16_t images, std::uint16_t buffers) {
+            std::uint16_t bufferStartElement = images * Device::descriptorHeapProperties.imageDescriptorSize / Device::descriptorHeapProperties.bufferDescriptorSize;
+
+            if(images > 0 && bufferStartElement == 0) {
+                bufferStartElement = 1;
+            }
+            
+            return bufferStartElement;
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+#endif

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-DescriptorPoolVulkan.cppm

@@ -1,187 +0,0 @@
-/*
-Crafter®.Graphics
-Copyright (C) 2026 Catcrafts®
-catcrafts.net
-
-This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
-License version 3.0 as published by the Free Software Foundation;
-
-This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
-Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
-License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
-Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA
-*/
-
-module;
-#ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_VULKAN
-#include "vulkan/vulkan.h"
-#endif
-export module Crafter.Graphics:DescriptorPoolVulkan;
-#ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_VULKAN
-import std;
-import :Device;
-import :Types;
-import :DescriptorSetLayoutVulkan;
-import Crafter.Event;
-
-export namespace Crafter {
-    struct DescriptorEntry {
-        VkDescriptorType type;
-        bool occured = true;
-    };
-
-    class DescriptorPool {
-        public:
-        std::vector<VkDescriptorSet> sets;
-        VkDescriptorPool descriptorPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-
-        template <typename Shader>
-        consteval static void GetOccuringDescriptors(std::array<DescriptorEntry, 20>& types) {
-            for (const VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding& binding : Shader::descriptors) {
-                for (DescriptorEntry& type : types) {
-                    if (type.type == binding.descriptorType) {
-                        type.occured = true;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        template <typename... Shaders>
-        consteval static std::uint32_t GetUniqueDiscriptorCount() {
-            std::array<DescriptorEntry, 20> types = {{{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER, 0},{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 0},{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE, 0},{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE, 0},{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER, 0},{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER, 0},{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0},{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER, 0},{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC, 0},{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC, 0},{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT, 0},{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK, 0},{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR, 0},{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_NV, 0},{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLE_WEIGHT_IMAGE_QCOM, 0},{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_BLOCK_MATCH_IMAGE_QCOM, 0},{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_EXT, 0},{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_PARTITIONED_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_NV, 0},{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_EXT, 0},{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MUTABLE_VALVE, 0}}};
-    
-            (GetOccuringDescriptors<Shaders>(types), ... );
-    
-            std::uint32_t size = 0;
-            for(DescriptorEntry& type : types) {
-                if(type.occured) {
-                    size++;
-                }
-            }
-    
-            return size;
-        }
-    
-        template <typename... Shaders>
-        consteval static std::array<VkDescriptorPoolSize, GetUniqueDiscriptorCount<Shaders...>()> GetPoolSizes() {
-            std::array<VkDescriptorPoolSize, GetUniqueDiscriptorCount<Shaders...>()> types = {};
-            for(std::uint32_t i = 0; i < GetUniqueDiscriptorCount<Shaders...>(); i++){
-                types[i].descriptorCount = 12345;
-            }
-
-            ([&] {
-                    for (const VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding& binding : Shaders::descriptors) {
-                        bool found = false;
-                        for(VkDescriptorPoolSize& type : types) {
-                            if(type.type == binding.descriptorType && type.descriptorCount != 12345) {
-                                type.descriptorCount += binding.descriptorCount;
-                                found = true;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        if(!found) {
-                            for(std::uint32_t i = 0; i <  GetUniqueDiscriptorCount<Shaders...>(); i++){
-                                if(types[i].descriptorCount == 12345) {
-                                    types[i].type = binding.descriptorType;
-                                    types[i].descriptorCount = binding.descriptorCount;
-                                    break;
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }(), 
-            ...);
-    
-            return types;
-        }
-
-        constexpr static std::vector<VkDescriptorPoolSize> GetPoolSizes(const std::span<const DescriptorSetLayoutVulkan> shaders) {
-            std::vector<VkDescriptorPoolSize> types;
-
-            for(const DescriptorSetLayoutVulkan& shader : shaders) {
-                for (const VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding& binding : shader.descriptors) {
-                    for(VkDescriptorPoolSize& type : types) {
-                        if(type.type == binding.descriptorType) {
-                            type.descriptorCount += binding.descriptorCount;
-                            goto inner;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    types.emplace_back(binding.descriptorType, binding.descriptorCount);
-                    inner:;
-                }
-            }
-    
-            return types;
-        }
-
-        template <typename... Shaders>
-        constexpr static std::vector<VkDescriptorPoolSize> GetPoolSizesCombined(const std::span<const DescriptorSetLayoutVulkan> shaders) {
-            std::vector<VkDescriptorPoolSize> types;
-
-            for(const DescriptorSetLayoutVulkan& shader : shaders) {
-                for (const VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding& binding : shader.descriptors) {
-                    for(VkDescriptorPoolSize& type : types) {
-                        if(type.type == binding.descriptorType) {
-                            type.descriptorCount += binding.descriptorCount;
-                            goto inner;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    types.emplace_back(binding.descriptorType, binding.descriptorCount);
-                    inner:;
-                }
-            }
-
-            ([&] {
-                    for (const VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding& binding : Shaders::descriptors) {
-                        for(VkDescriptorPoolSize& type : types) {
-                            if(type.type == binding.descriptorType) {
-                                type.descriptorCount += binding.descriptorCount;
-                                goto inner2;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        types.emplace_back(binding.descriptorType, binding.descriptorCount);
-                        inner2:;
-                    }
-                }(), 
-            ...);
-    
-            return types;
-        }
-    
-        public:
-        ~DescriptorPool() {
-            vkDestroyDescriptorPool(Device::device, descriptorPool, nullptr);
-        }
-        void BuildPool(std::span<const VkDescriptorPoolSize> poolSizes, std::span<const VkDescriptorSetLayout> setLayouts) {
-            if(descriptorPool != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-                vkDestroyDescriptorPool(Device::device, descriptorPool, nullptr);
-            }
-
-            sets.resize(setLayouts.size());
-
-            VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo descriptorPoolInfo {
-                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
-                .maxSets = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(sets.size()),
-                .poolSizeCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(poolSizes.size()),
-                .pPoolSizes = poolSizes.data()
-            };
-
-            Device::CheckVkResult(vkCreateDescriptorPool(Device::device, &descriptorPoolInfo, nullptr, &descriptorPool));
-
-            VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocInfo {
-                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO,
-                .descriptorPool = descriptorPool,
-                .descriptorSetCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(sets.size()),
-                .pSetLayouts = setLayouts.data(),
-            };
-
-            Device::CheckVkResult(vkAllocateDescriptorSets(Device::device, &allocInfo, sets.data()));
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-#endif

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-DescriptorSetLayoutVulkan.cppm

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-/*
-Crafter®.Graphics
-Copyright (C) 2026 Catcrafts®
-catcrafts.net
-
-This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
-License version 3.0 as published by the Free Software Foundation;
-
-This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
-Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
-License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
-Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA
-*/
-
-module;
-#ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_VULKAN
-#include "vulkan/vulkan.h"
-#endif
-export module Crafter.Graphics:DescriptorSetLayoutVulkan;
-#ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_VULKAN
-import std;
-import :Device;
-import :Types;
-import Crafter.Event;
-
-export namespace Crafter {
-    class DescriptorSetLayoutVulkan {
-        public:
-        VkDescriptorSetLayout layout;
-        std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> descriptors;
-        DescriptorSetLayoutVulkan(std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding>&& layouts) : descriptors(std::move(layouts)) {
-            VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo descriptorLayoutInfoMesh = {
-                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
-                .bindingCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(descriptors.size()),
-                .pBindings = descriptors.data()
-            };
-            Device::CheckVkResult(vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(Device::device, &descriptorLayoutInfoMesh, nullptr, &layout));
-        }
-    };
-
-    template<std::uint32_t DescriptorCount, const std::array<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding, DescriptorCount> Descriptors>
-    class DescriptorSetLayoutVulkanConst {
-        public:
-        inline static VkDescriptorSetLayout layout;
-        constexpr static std::span<const VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> descriptors = Descriptors;
-        static void Init() {
-            VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo descriptorLayoutInfoMesh = {
-                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
-                .bindingCount = DescriptorCount,
-                .pBindings = Descriptors.data()
-            };
-            Device::CheckVkResult(vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(Device::device, &descriptorLayoutInfoMesh, nullptr, &layout));
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-#endif

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-Device.cppm

@@ -114,9 +114,20 @@ export namespace Crafter {
         inline static PFN_vkCreateRayTracingPipelinesKHR vkCreateRayTracingPipelinesKHR;
         inline static PFN_vkGetRayTracingShaderGroupHandlesKHR vkGetRayTracingShaderGroupHandlesKHR;
         inline static PFN_vkCmdTraceRaysKHR vkCmdTraceRaysKHR;
+        inline static PFN_vkCmdBindResourceHeapEXT vkCmdBindResourceHeapEXT;
+        inline static PFN_vkCmdBindSamplerHeapEXT vkCmdBindSamplerHeapEXT;
+        inline static PFN_vkWriteResourceDescriptorsEXT vkWriteResourceDescriptorsEXT;
+        inline static PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceDescriptorSizeEXT vkGetPhysicalDeviceDescriptorSizeEXT;
+        inline static PFN_vkGetDeviceFaultInfoEXT vkGetDeviceFaultInfoEXT;
+
         inline static VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memoryProperties;
+
+        inline static VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorHeapPropertiesEXT descriptorHeapProperties = {
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_PROPERTIES_EXT
+        };
         inline static VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPipelinePropertiesKHR rayTracingProperties = {
-            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_RAY_TRACING_PIPELINE_PROPERTIES_KHR
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_RAY_TRACING_PIPELINE_PROPERTIES_KHR,
+            .pNext = &descriptorHeapProperties
         };
 
         static void CheckVkResult(VkResult result);

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-Font.cppm

@@ -34,5 +34,6 @@ namespace Crafter {
         std::int_fast32_t lineGap;
         stbtt_fontinfo font;
         Font(const std::filesystem::path& font);
+        std::uint32_t GetLineWidth(const std::string_view text, float size);
     };
 }

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-ForwardDeclarations.cppm

@@ -21,9 +21,7 @@ export module Crafter.Graphics:ForwardDeclarations;
 import std;
 
 export namespace Crafter {
-    template<std::uint8_t Frames = 1>
     struct RendertargetBase;
-
     struct GridElement;
     struct Window;
 }

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-GridElement.cppm

@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ export namespace Crafter {
         GridElement(std::uint32_t columns, std::uint32_t rows, std::int32_t spacingX, std::int32_t spacingY, std::int32_t paddingX, std::int32_t paddingY, Anchor2D anchor) : Transform2D(anchor), columns(columns), rows(rows), spacingX(spacingX), spacingY(spacingY), paddingX(paddingX), paddingY(paddingY) {
 
         }
-        template<std::uint8_t Frames>
-        void UpdatePositionImpl(RendertargetBase<Frames>& window, Transform2D& parent) {
+        void UpdatePosition(RendertargetBase& window, Transform2D& parent) override {
             ScaleElement(parent);
             std::int32_t cellWidth = (paddingX * 2) - (spacingX * (columns - 1)) / columns;
             std::int32_t cellHeight = (paddingY * 2) - (spacingY * (rows - 1)) / rows;
@@ -61,11 +60,5 @@ export namespace Crafter {
                 }
             }
         }
-        void UpdatePosition(RendertargetBase<1>& window, Transform2D& parent) override {
-            UpdatePositionImpl<1>(window, parent);
-        }
-        void UpdatePosition(RendertargetBase<3>& window, Transform2D& parent) override {
-            UpdatePositionImpl<3>(window, parent);
-        }
     };
 }

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-ImageVulkan.cppm

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ export namespace Crafter {
         std::uint8_t mipLevels;
         VkImage image;
         VkDeviceMemory imageMemory;
-        VulkanBuffer<PixelType, true, false, false> buffer;
+        VulkanBuffer<PixelType, true> buffer;
         VkImageView imageView;
         VkDescriptorImageInfo descriptor;
 

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-Mesh.cppm

@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ export namespace Crafter {
     #ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_VULKAN
     class Mesh {
         public:
-        VulkanBuffer<char, false, true, false> scratchBuffer;
-        VulkanBuffer<char, false, true, false> blasBuffer;
-        VulkanBuffer<Vector<float, 3, 3>, true, true, false> vertexBuffer;
-        VulkanBuffer<std::uint32_t, true, true, false> indexBuffer;
+        VulkanBuffer<char, false> scratchBuffer;
+        VulkanBuffer<char, false> blasBuffer;
+        VulkanBuffer<Vector<float, 3, 3>, true> vertexBuffer;
+        VulkanBuffer<std::uint32_t, true> indexBuffer;
         VkAccelerationStructureGeometryTrianglesDataKHR blasData;
         VkAccelerationStructureGeometryKHR blas;
         VkAccelerationStructureKHR accelerationStructure;

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-PipelineRTVulkan.cppm

@@ -30,26 +30,16 @@ import :ShaderBindingTableVulkan;
 import :Types;
 
 export namespace Crafter {
-    class PipelineRTVulkan {
-        public:
+    struct PipelineRTVulkan {
         VkPipeline pipeline;
-        VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
         std::vector<std::uint8_t> shaderHandles;  
-        VulkanBuffer<std::uint8_t, true, true, false> sbtBuffer;
+        VulkanBuffer<std::uint8_t, true> sbtBuffer;
         VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR raygenRegion;
         VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR missRegion;
         VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR hitRegion;
         VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR callableRegion;
 
-        void Init(VkCommandBuffer cmd, std::span<VkDescriptorSetLayout> setLayouts, std::span<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR> raygenGroups, std::span<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR> missGroups, std::span<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR> hitGroups, ShaderBindingTableVulkan& shaderTable) {
-            VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo {
-                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
-                .setLayoutCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(setLayouts.size()),
-                .pSetLayouts = setLayouts.data()
-            };
-
-			Device::CheckVkResult(vkCreatePipelineLayout(Device::device, &pipelineLayoutInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayout));
-
+        void Init(VkCommandBuffer cmd, std::span<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR> raygenGroups, std::span<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR> missGroups, std::span<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR> hitGroups, ShaderBindingTableVulkan& shaderTable) {
             std::vector<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR> groups;
             groups.reserve(raygenGroups.size() + missGroups.size() + hitGroups.size());
 
@@ -57,14 +47,21 @@ export namespace Crafter {
             groups.insert(groups.end(), missGroups.begin(), missGroups.end());
             groups.insert(groups.end(), hitGroups.begin(), hitGroups.end());
 
+            VkPipelineCreateFlags2CreateInfo flags2 = {
+                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_CREATE_FLAGS_2_CREATE_INFO,
+                .flags = VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_2_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_BIT_EXT
+            };
+
             VkRayTracingPipelineCreateInfoKHR rtPipelineInfo {
                 .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RAY_TRACING_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
+                .pNext = &flags2,
+                .flags = 0,
                 .stageCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(shaderTable.shaderStages.size()),
                 .pStages = shaderTable.shaderStages.data(),
                 .groupCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(groups.size()),
                 .pGroups = groups.data(),
                 .maxPipelineRayRecursionDepth = 1,
-                .layout = pipelineLayout
+                .layout = VK_NULL_HANDLE
             };
 
             Device::CheckVkResult(Device::vkCreateRayTracingPipelinesKHR(Device::device, {}, {}, 1, &rtPipelineInfo, nullptr, &pipeline));
@@ -113,188 +110,9 @@ export namespace Crafter {
             callableRegion.stride        = 0;
             callableRegion.size          = 0;
         }
-    };
 
-    template <std::uint32_t GeneralShader, std::uint32_t ClosestHitShader, std::uint32_t AnyHitShader, std::uint32_t IntersectionShader>    
-    struct ShaderGroup {
-        static constexpr std::uint32_t generalShader = GeneralShader;
-        static constexpr std::uint32_t closestHitShader = ClosestHitShader;
-        static constexpr std::uint32_t anyHitShader = AnyHitShader;
-        static constexpr std::uint32_t intersectionShader = IntersectionShader;
-    };
-
-    template <typename Shaders, typename ShaderGroups>
-    class PipelineRTVulkanConst {
-        public:
-        inline static VkPipeline pipeline;
-        inline static VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
-        inline static std::vector<std::uint8_t> shaderHandles;  
-        inline static VulkanBuffer<std::uint8_t, true, true, false> sbtBuffer;
-        inline static VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR raygenRegion;
-        inline static VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR missRegion;
-        inline static VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR hitRegion;
-        inline static VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR callableRegion;
-
-        static void Init(VkCommandBuffer cmd, const std::span<const VkDescriptorSetLayout> setLayouts) {
-            VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo {
-                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
-                .setLayoutCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(setLayouts.size()),
-                .pSetLayouts = setLayouts.data()
-            };
-
-			Device::CheckVkResult(vkCreatePipelineLayout(Device::device, &pipelineLayoutInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayout));
-
-            constexpr auto groupIndexSeq = std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<ShaderGroups>>{};
-
-            constexpr std::array<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR, std::tuple_size_v<ShaderGroups>> groups = GetShaderGroups(groupIndexSeq);
-
-            VkRayTracingPipelineCreateInfoKHR rtPipelineInfo{
-                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RAY_TRACING_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
-                .stageCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(ShaderBindingTableVulkanConst<Shaders>::shaderStages.size()),
-                .pStages = ShaderBindingTableVulkanConst<Shaders>::shaderStages.data(),
-                .groupCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(groups.size()),
-                .pGroups = groups.data(),
-                .maxPipelineRayRecursionDepth = 1,
-                .layout = pipelineLayout
-            };
-
-            Device::CheckVkResult(Device::vkCreateRayTracingPipelinesKHR(Device::device, {}, {}, 1, &rtPipelineInfo, nullptr, &pipeline));
-
-            std::size_t dataSize = Device::rayTracingProperties.shaderGroupHandleSize * rtPipelineInfo.groupCount;
-            shaderHandles.resize(dataSize);
-            Device::CheckVkResult(Device::vkGetRayTracingShaderGroupHandlesKHR(Device::device, pipeline, 0, rtPipelineInfo.groupCount, dataSize, shaderHandles.data()));
-
-            std::uint32_t sbtStride = AlignUp(Device::rayTracingProperties.shaderGroupHandleSize, Device::rayTracingProperties.shaderGroupHandleAlignment);
-
-            raygenRegion.stride = sbtStride;
-            raygenRegion.deviceAddress = 0;
-            raygenRegion.size = GetGroupCount<VK_SHADER_STAGE_RAYGEN_BIT_KHR>(groupIndexSeq) * sbtStride;
-
-            missRegion.stride = sbtStride;
-            missRegion.deviceAddress = AlignUp(raygenRegion.size, Device::rayTracingProperties.shaderGroupBaseAlignment);
-            missRegion.size = GetGroupCount<VK_SHADER_STAGE_MISS_BIT_KHR>(groupIndexSeq) * sbtStride;
-
-            hitRegion.stride = sbtStride;
-            hitRegion.deviceAddress = AlignUp(missRegion.deviceAddress + missRegion.size, Device::rayTracingProperties.shaderGroupBaseAlignment);
-            hitRegion.size = (GetGroupCount<VK_SHADER_STAGE_CLOSEST_HIT_BIT_KHR>(groupIndexSeq) * sbtStride) + (GetGroupCount<VK_SHADER_STAGE_ANY_HIT_BIT_KHR>(groupIndexSeq) * sbtStride);
-
-            std::size_t bufferSize =  hitRegion.deviceAddress + hitRegion.size;
-            sbtBuffer.Create(VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_SHADER_BINDING_TABLE_BIT_KHR | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, bufferSize);
-
-            AddShaderGroupsToBuffer(sbtStride, groupIndexSeq);
-            sbtBuffer.FlushDevice(cmd, VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_BIT_KHR);
-
-            raygenRegion.deviceAddress += sbtBuffer.address;
-            missRegion.deviceAddress += sbtBuffer.address;
-            hitRegion.deviceAddress += sbtBuffer.address;
-
-            callableRegion.deviceAddress = 0;
-            callableRegion.stride        = 0;
-            callableRegion.size          = 0;
-        }
-        private:
-        template<std::size_t index>
-        consteval static void AddShaderGroup(std::array<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR, std::tuple_size_v<ShaderGroups>>& groups) {
-            using groupTemplate = std::tuple_element_t<index, ShaderGroups>;
-            VkRayTracingShaderGroupTypeKHR groupType;
-            if constexpr(groupTemplate::generalShader != VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR) {
-                groupType = VK_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_TYPE_GENERAL_KHR; 
-            } else if constexpr(groupTemplate::closestHitShader != VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR || groupTemplate::anyHitShader != VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR) {
-                groupType = VK_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_TYPE_TRIANGLES_HIT_GROUP_KHR; 
-            } else {
-                static_assert(
-                    groupTemplate::generalShader != VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR ||
-                    groupTemplate::closestHitShader != VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
-                    "Shader group must define either a general or closest-hit shader"
-                );
-            }
-            groups[index] =  {
-                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RAY_TRACING_SHADER_GROUP_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
-                .type = groupType,
-                .generalShader = groupTemplate::generalShader,
-                .closestHitShader = groupTemplate::closestHitShader,
-                .anyHitShader = groupTemplate::anyHitShader,
-                .intersectionShader = groupTemplate::intersectionShader
-            };
-        }
-        template<std::size_t... Is>
-        consteval static std::array<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR, std::tuple_size_v<ShaderGroups>> GetShaderGroups(std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
-            std::array<VkRayTracingShaderGroupCreateInfoKHR, std::tuple_size_v<ShaderGroups>> groups{};
-            (AddShaderGroup<Is>(groups), ...);
-            return groups;
-        }
-
-        template<std::size_t index, VkShaderStageFlagBits stage>
-        consteval static void GetGroupCountImpl(std::uint32_t& count) {
-            using groupTemplate = std::tuple_element_t<index, ShaderGroups>;
-            if constexpr(groupTemplate::generalShader != VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR) {
-                using shaderTemplate = std::tuple_element_t<groupTemplate::generalShader, Shaders>;
-                if constexpr(shaderTemplate::_stage == stage) {
-                    count++;
-                }
-            } else if constexpr(groupTemplate::closestHitShader != VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR) {
-                using shaderTemplate = std::tuple_element_t<groupTemplate::closestHitShader, Shaders>;
-                if constexpr(shaderTemplate::_stage == stage) {
-                    count++;
-                }
-            } else if constexpr(groupTemplate::anyHitShader != VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR) {
-                using shaderTemplate = std::tuple_element_t<groupTemplate::anyHitShader, Shaders>;
-                if constexpr(shaderTemplate::_stage == stage) {
-                    count++;
-                }
-            } else {
-                static_assert(
-                    groupTemplate::generalShader != VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR ||
-                    groupTemplate::closestHitShader != VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
-                    "Shader group must define either a general or closest-hit shader"
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        template<VkShaderStageFlagBits stage, std::size_t... Is>
-        consteval static std::uint32_t GetGroupCount(std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
-            std::uint32_t count = 0;
-            (GetGroupCountImpl<Is, stage>(count), ...);
-            return count;
-        }   
-
-        template<std::size_t index, VkShaderStageFlagBits stage>
-        static void AddShaderGroupToBuffer(std::uint32_t sbtStride, std::uint32_t& offset) {
-            using groupTemplate = std::tuple_element_t<index, ShaderGroups>;
-            if constexpr(groupTemplate::generalShader != VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR) {
-                using shaderTemplate = std::tuple_element_t<groupTemplate::generalShader, Shaders>;
-                if constexpr(shaderTemplate::_stage == stage) {
-                    std::memcpy(sbtBuffer.value + offset, shaderHandles.data() + index * Device::rayTracingProperties.shaderGroupHandleSize, Device::rayTracingProperties.shaderGroupHandleSize);
-                    offset += sbtStride;
-                }
-            } else if constexpr(groupTemplate::closestHitShader != VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR) {
-                using shaderTemplate = std::tuple_element_t<groupTemplate::closestHitShader, Shaders>;
-                if constexpr(shaderTemplate::_stage == stage) {
-                    std::memcpy(sbtBuffer.value + offset, shaderHandles.data() + index * Device::rayTracingProperties.shaderGroupHandleSize, Device::rayTracingProperties.shaderGroupHandleSize);
-                    offset += sbtStride;
-                }
-            } else if constexpr(groupTemplate::anyHitShader != VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR) {
-                using shaderTemplate = std::tuple_element_t<groupTemplate::anyHitShader, Shaders>;
-                if constexpr(shaderTemplate::_stage == stage) {
-                    std::memcpy(sbtBuffer.value + offset, shaderHandles.data() + index * Device::rayTracingProperties.shaderGroupHandleSize, Device::rayTracingProperties.shaderGroupHandleSize);
-                    offset += sbtStride;
-                }
-            } else {
-                static_assert(
-                    groupTemplate::generalShader != VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR ||
-                    groupTemplate::closestHitShader != VK_SHADER_UNUSED_KHR,
-                    "Shader group must define either a general or closest-hit shader"
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        template<std::size_t... Is>
-        static void AddShaderGroupsToBuffer(std::uint32_t sbtStride, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
-            std::uint32_t offset = 0;
-            (AddShaderGroupToBuffer<Is, VK_SHADER_STAGE_RAYGEN_BIT_KHR>(sbtStride, offset), ...);
-            offset = AlignUp(offset, Device::rayTracingProperties.shaderGroupBaseAlignment);
-            (AddShaderGroupToBuffer<Is, VK_SHADER_STAGE_MISS_BIT_KHR>(sbtStride, offset), ...);
-            offset = AlignUp(offset, Device::rayTracingProperties.shaderGroupBaseAlignment);
-            (AddShaderGroupToBuffer<Is, VK_SHADER_STAGE_CLOSEST_HIT_BIT_KHR>(sbtStride, offset), ...);
-            (AddShaderGroupToBuffer<Is, VK_SHADER_STAGE_ANY_HIT_BIT_KHR>(sbtStride, offset), ...);
+        ~PipelineRTVulkan() {
+            vkDestroyPipeline(Device::device, pipeline, nullptr);
         }
     };
 }

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-RenderingElement2D.cppm

@@ -29,31 +29,31 @@ import :Types;
 import :Window;
 
 export namespace Crafter {
-    template<bool Scaling, bool Owning, bool Rotating, std::uint8_t Alignment = 0, std::uint8_t Frames = 1> requires ((!Rotating || Scaling) && (!Owning || Scaling))
-    struct RenderingElement2D : RenderingElement2DBase<Frames>, ScalingBase<Scaling, Owning, Alignment>, RotatingBase<Rotating> {
+    template<typename T, bool Scaling, bool Owning, bool Rotating, std::uint8_t Alignment = 0, std::uint8_t Frames = 1> requires ((!Rotating || Scaling) && (!Owning || Scaling))
+    struct RenderingElement2D : RenderingElement2DBase<T, Frames>, ScalingBase<T, Scaling, Owning, Alignment>, RotatingBase<Rotating> {
         RenderingElement2D() = default;
-        RenderingElement2D(Anchor2D anchor, OpaqueType opaque) : RenderingElement2DBase<Frames>(anchor, opaque) {
+        RenderingElement2D(Anchor2D anchor, OpaqueType opaque) : RenderingElement2DBase<T, Frames>(anchor, opaque) {
 
         }
-        RenderingElement2D(Anchor2D anchor, OpaqueType opaque, std::uint32_t rotation) requires(Rotating) : RenderingElement2DBase<Frames>(anchor, opaque), RotatingBase<Rotating>(rotation) {
+        RenderingElement2D(Anchor2D anchor, OpaqueType opaque, std::uint32_t rotation) requires(Rotating) : RenderingElement2DBase<T, Frames>(anchor, opaque), RotatingBase<Rotating>(rotation) {
 
         }
-        RenderingElement2D(Anchor2D anchor, OpaqueType opaque, std::uint32_t bufferWidth, std::uint32_t bufferHeight, Vector<std::uint8_t, 4, Alignment>* scalingBuffer) requires(Scaling && !Owning) : RenderingElement2DBase<Frames>(anchor, opaque), ScalingBase<Scaling, Owning, Alignment>(bufferWidth, bufferHeight, scalingBuffer) {
+        RenderingElement2D(Anchor2D anchor, OpaqueType opaque, std::uint32_t bufferWidth, std::uint32_t bufferHeight, Vector<T, 4, Alignment>* scalingBuffer) requires(Scaling && !Owning) : RenderingElement2DBase<T, Frames>(anchor, opaque), ScalingBase<T, Scaling, Owning, Alignment>(bufferWidth, bufferHeight, scalingBuffer) {
 
         }
-        RenderingElement2D(Anchor2D anchor, OpaqueType opaque, std::uint32_t bufferWidth, std::uint32_t bufferHeight, Vector<std::uint8_t, 4, Alignment>* scalingBuffer, std::uint32_t rotation) requires(Scaling && !Owning && Rotating) : RenderingElement2DBase<Frames>(anchor, opaque), ScalingBase<Scaling, Owning, Alignment>(bufferWidth, bufferHeight, scalingBuffer), RotatingBase<Rotating>(rotation) {
+        RenderingElement2D(Anchor2D anchor, OpaqueType opaque, std::uint32_t bufferWidth, std::uint32_t bufferHeight, Vector<T, 4, Alignment>* scalingBuffer, std::uint32_t rotation) requires(Scaling && !Owning && Rotating) : RenderingElement2DBase<T, Frames>(anchor, opaque), ScalingBase<T,  Scaling, Owning, Alignment>(bufferWidth, bufferHeight, scalingBuffer), RotatingBase<Rotating>(rotation) {
 
         }
-        RenderingElement2D(Anchor2D anchor, OpaqueType opaque, std::uint32_t bufferWidth, std::uint32_t bufferHeight) requires(Owning) : RenderingElement2DBase<Frames>(anchor, opaque), ScalingBase<Scaling, Owning, Alignment>(bufferWidth, bufferHeight) {
+        RenderingElement2D(Anchor2D anchor, OpaqueType opaque, std::uint32_t bufferWidth, std::uint32_t bufferHeight) requires(Owning) : RenderingElement2DBase<T, Frames>(anchor, opaque), ScalingBase<T,  Scaling, Owning, Alignment>(bufferWidth, bufferHeight) {
 
         }
-        RenderingElement2D(Anchor2D anchor, OpaqueType opaque, std::uint32_t bufferWidth, std::uint32_t bufferHeight, std::uint32_t rotation) requires(Owning && Rotating) : RenderingElement2DBase<Frames>(anchor, opaque), ScalingBase<Scaling, Owning, Alignment>(bufferWidth, bufferHeight) , RotatingBase<Rotating>(rotation) {
+        RenderingElement2D(Anchor2D anchor, OpaqueType opaque, std::uint32_t bufferWidth, std::uint32_t bufferHeight, std::uint32_t rotation) requires(Owning && Rotating) : RenderingElement2DBase<T, Frames>(anchor, opaque), ScalingBase<T,  Scaling, Owning, Alignment>(bufferWidth, bufferHeight) , RotatingBase<Rotating>(rotation) {
 
         }
-        RenderingElement2D(Anchor2D anchor, TextureAsset<Vector<std::uint8_t, 4, Alignment>>& texture) requires(!Owning && Scaling) : RenderingElement2DBase<Frames>(anchor, texture.opaque), ScalingBase<Scaling, Owning, Alignment>(texture.pixels.data(), texture.sizeX, texture.sizeY) {
+        RenderingElement2D(Anchor2D anchor, TextureAsset<Vector<T, 4, Alignment>>& texture) requires(!Owning && Scaling) : RenderingElement2DBase<T, Frames>(anchor, texture.opaque), ScalingBase<T, Scaling, Owning, Alignment>(texture.pixels.data(), texture.sizeX, texture.sizeY) {
 
         }
-        RenderingElement2D(Anchor2D anchor, TextureAsset<Vector<std::uint8_t, 4, Alignment>>& texture, std::uint32_t rotation) requires(!Owning && Scaling && Rotating) : RenderingElement2DBase<Frames>(anchor, texture.opaque), ScalingBase<Scaling, Owning, Alignment>(texture.pixels.data(), texture.sizeX, texture.sizeY), RotatingBase<Rotating>(rotation) {
+        RenderingElement2D(Anchor2D anchor, TextureAsset<Vector<T, 4, Alignment>>& texture, std::uint32_t rotation) requires(!Owning && Scaling && Rotating) : RenderingElement2DBase<T, Frames>(anchor, texture.opaque), ScalingBase<T,  Scaling, Owning, Alignment>(texture.pixels.data(), texture.sizeX, texture.sizeY), RotatingBase<Rotating>(rotation) {
 
         }
 
@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ export namespace Crafter {
 
         void ScaleNearestNeighbor() requires(Scaling) {
             for (std::uint32_t y = 0; y < this->scaled.size.y; y++) {
-                std::uint32_t srcY = y * ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferHeight / this->scaled.size.y;
+                std::uint32_t srcY = y * ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferHeight / this->scaled.size.y;
                 for (std::uint32_t x = 0; x < this->scaled.size.x; x++) {
-                    std::uint32_t srcX = x * ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth / this->scaled.size.x;
-                    this->buffer[y * this->scaled.size.x + x] = ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::scalingBuffer[srcY * ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth + srcX];
+                    std::uint32_t srcX = x * ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth / this->scaled.size.x;
+                    this->buffer[y * this->scaled.size.x + x] = ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::scalingBuffer[srcY * ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth + srcX];
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -97,15 +97,15 @@ export namespace Crafter {
             const float dstCy = (this->scaled.size.y - 1.0) * 0.5;
 
             // Source center
-            const float srcCx = (ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth  - 1.0) * 0.5;
-            const float srcCy = (ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferHeight - 1.0) * 0.5;
+            const float srcCx = (ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth  - 1.0) * 0.5;
+            const float srcCy = (ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferHeight - 1.0) * 0.5;
 
             const float c = std::cos(RotatingBase<true>::rotation);
             const float s = std::sin(RotatingBase<true>::rotation);
 
             // Scale factors (destination → source)
-            const float scaleX = static_cast<float>(ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth)  / dstWidth;
-            const float scaleY = static_cast<float>(ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferHeight) / dstHeight;
+            const float scaleX = static_cast<float>(ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth)  / dstWidth;
+            const float scaleY = static_cast<float>(ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferHeight) / dstHeight;
 
             for (std::uint32_t yB = 0; yB < this->scaled.size.y; ++yB) {
                 for (std::uint32_t xB = 0; xB < this->scaled.size.x; ++xB) {
@@ -122,15 +122,15 @@ export namespace Crafter {
                     const std::int32_t srcX = static_cast<std::int32_t>(std::round(sx));
                     const std::int32_t srcY = static_cast<std::int32_t>(std::round(sy));
 
-                    if (srcX >= 0 && srcX < ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth && srcY >= 0 && srcY < ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferHeight) {
-                        this->buffer[yB * this->scaled.size.x + xB] = ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::scalingBuffer[srcY * ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth + srcX];
+                    if (srcX >= 0 && srcX < ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth && srcY >= 0 && srcY < ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferHeight) {
+                        this->buffer[yB * this->scaled.size.x + xB] = ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::scalingBuffer[srcY * ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth + srcX];
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
         
 
-        void UpdatePosition(RendertargetBase<Frames>& window, Transform2D& parent) override {
+        void UpdatePosition(RendertargetBase& window, Transform2D& parent) override {
             ScaleData2D oldScale = this->scaled;
             this->ScaleElement(parent);
             if constexpr(Scaling && !Rotating) {
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ export namespace Crafter {
             }
         }
 
-        std::vector<std::string_view> ResizeText(RendertargetBase<Frames>& window, Transform2D& parent, const std::string_view text, float& size, Font& font, TextOverflowMode overflowMode = TextOverflowMode::Clip, TextScaleMode scaleMode = TextScaleMode::None) {
+        std::vector<std::string_view> ResizeText(RendertargetBase& window, Transform2D& parent, const std::string_view text, float& size, Font& font, TextOverflowMode overflowMode = TextOverflowMode::Clip, TextScaleMode scaleMode = TextScaleMode::None) {
             float scale = stbtt_ScaleForPixelHeight(&font.font, size);
             int baseline = (int)(font.ascent * scale);
             
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ export namespace Crafter {
                     size = std::min(maxFontHeight, maxFontWidth);
                 } else {
                     if constexpr(Scaling) {
-                        lines.resize(ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferHeight / lines.size());
+                        lines.resize(ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferHeight / lines.size());
                     } else {
                         lines.resize(this->scaled.size.y / lines.size());
                     }
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ export namespace Crafter {
                     size = this->scaled.size.y / lineHeightPerFont;
                 } else {
                     if constexpr(Scaling) {
-                        lines.resize(ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferHeight / lines.size());
+                        lines.resize(ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferHeight / lines.size());
                     } else {
                         lines.resize(this->scaled.size.y / lines.size());
                     }
@@ -293,7 +293,27 @@ export namespace Crafter {
 
             return lines;
         }
-        void RenderText(std::span<const std::string_view> lines, float size, Vector<std::uint8_t, 4> color, Font& font, TextAlignment alignment = TextAlignment::Left, std::uint32_t offsetX = 0, std::uint32_t offsetY = 0, OpaqueType opaque = OpaqueType::FullyOpaque) {     
+
+        int utf8_decode(const char* s, int* bytes_consumed) {
+            unsigned char c = s[0];
+            if (c < 0x80) {
+                *bytes_consumed = 1;
+                return c;
+            } else if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+                *bytes_consumed = 2;
+                return ((c & 0x1F) << 6) | (s[1] & 0x3F);
+            } else if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+                *bytes_consumed = 3;
+                return ((c & 0x0F) << 12) | ((s[1] & 0x3F) << 6) | (s[2] & 0x3F);
+            } else if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+                *bytes_consumed = 4;
+                return ((c & 0x07) << 18) | ((s[1] & 0x3F) << 12) | ((s[2] & 0x3F) << 6) | (s[3] & 0x3F);
+            }
+            *bytes_consumed = 1;
+            return 0xFFFD; // replacement char
+        }
+        
+        void RenderText(std::span<const std::string_view> lines, float size, Vector<T, 4> color, Font& font, TextAlignment alignment = TextAlignment::Left, std::uint32_t offsetX = 0, std::uint32_t offsetY = 0, OpaqueType opaque = OpaqueType::FullyOpaque) {     
             float scale = stbtt_ScaleForPixelHeight(&font.font, size);
             int baseline = (int)(font.ascent * scale);
             std::uint32_t lineHeight = (font.ascent - font.descent) * scale;
@@ -320,8 +340,13 @@ export namespace Crafter {
                         break;
                 }
 
-                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < line.size(); ++i) {
-                    int codepoint = line[i];
+                const char* p = line.data();
+                const char* end = p + line.size();
+
+               while (p < end) {
+                    int bytes;
+                    int codepoint = utf8_decode(p, &bytes);
+                    p += bytes;
                     
                     int ax;
                     int lsb;
@@ -346,41 +371,19 @@ export namespace Crafter {
                                     
                                     // Only draw pixels that are within our scaled buffer bounds
                                     if constexpr(Scaling) {
-                                        if (bufferX >= 0 && bufferX < ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth && bufferY >= 0 && bufferY < ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferHeight) {
-                                            ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::scalingBuffer[bufferY * ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth + bufferX] = {color.r, color.g, color.b, bitmap[j * w + i]};
+                                        if (bufferX >= 0 && bufferX < ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth && bufferY >= 0 && bufferY < ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferHeight) {
+                                            ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::scalingBuffer[bufferY * ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth + bufferX] = {color.r, color.g, color.b, static_cast<T>(bitmap[j * w + i])};
                                         }
                                     } else {
                                         if (bufferX >= 0 && bufferX < (int)this->scaled.size.x && bufferY >= 0 && bufferY < (int)this->scaled.size.y) {
-                                            this->buffer[bufferY * this->scaled.size.x + bufferX] = {color.r, color.g, color.b, bitmap[j * w + i]};
-                                        }
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        case OpaqueType::SemiOpaque: {
-                            for (int j = 0; j < h; j++) {
-                                for (int i = 0; i < w; i++) {
-                                    int bufferX = x + i + c_x1 + offsetX;
-                                    int bufferY = currentY + j + c_y1 + offsetY;
-                                    
-                                    // Only draw pixels that are within our scaled buffer bounds
-                                    if constexpr(Scaling) {
-                                        if (bufferX >= 0 && bufferX < ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth && bufferY >= 0 && bufferY < ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferHeight) {
-                                            ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::scalingBuffer[bufferY * ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth + bufferX] = {color.r, color.g, color.b, bitmap[j * w + i]};
-                                        }
-                                    } else {
-                                        if (bufferX >= 0 && bufferX < (int)this->scaled.size.x && bufferY >= 0 && bufferY < (int)this->scaled.size.y) {
-                                            std::uint8_t alpha = bitmap[j * w + i];
-                                            if(alpha != 0) {
-                                                this->buffer[bufferY * this->scaled.size.x + bufferX] = {color.r, color.g, color.b, bitmap[j * w + i]};
-                                            }
+                                            this->buffer[bufferY * this->scaled.size.x + bufferX] = {color.r, color.g, color.b, static_cast<T>(bitmap[j * w + i])};
                                         }
                                     }
                                 }
                             }
                             break;
                         }
+                        case OpaqueType::SemiOpaque:
                         case OpaqueType::Transparent: {
                             for (int j = 0; j < h; j++) {
                                 for (int i = 0; i < w; i++) {
@@ -389,22 +392,21 @@ export namespace Crafter {
                                     
                                     // Only draw pixels that are within our scaled buffer bounds
                                     if constexpr(Scaling) {
-                                        if (bufferX >= 0 && bufferX < ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth && bufferY >= 0 && bufferY < ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferHeight) {
-                                            ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::scalingBuffer[bufferY * ScalingBase<true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth + bufferX] = {color.r, color.g, color.b, bitmap[j * w + i]};
+                                        if (bufferX >= 0 && bufferX < ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth && bufferY >= 0 && bufferY < ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferHeight) {
+                                            ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::scalingBuffer[bufferY * ScalingBase<T, true, Owning, Alignment>::bufferWidth + bufferX] = {color.r, color.g, color.b, static_cast<T>(bitmap[j * w + i])};
                                         }
                                     } else {
                                         if (bufferX >= 0 && bufferX < (int)this->scaled.size.x && bufferY >= 0 && bufferY < (int)this->scaled.size.y) {
+                                            if constexpr(std::same_as<T, std::uint8_t>) {
                                                 std::uint8_t alpha = bitmap[j * w + i];
 
-                                            if(alpha == 0) {
-                                                continue;
-                                            }
-
-                                            Vector<std::uint8_t, 4, Alignment> dst = this->buffer[bufferY * this->scaled.size.x + bufferX];
+                                                Vector<T, 4, Alignment> dst = this->buffer[bufferY * this->scaled.size.x + bufferX];
                                             
                                                 float srcA = (alpha / 255.0f) * (color.a / 255.0f);
                                                 float dstA = dst.a / 255.0f;
 
+                                                float oneMinusSrcA = 1.0f - color.a;
+
                                                 float outA = srcA + dstA * (1.0f - srcA);
                                                 this->buffer[bufferY * this->scaled.size.x + bufferX] = Vector<std::uint8_t, 4, Alignment>(
                                                     static_cast<std::uint8_t>((color.r * srcA + dst.r * dstA * (1.0f - srcA)) / outA),
@@ -412,6 +414,19 @@ export namespace Crafter {
                                                     static_cast<std::uint8_t>((color.b * srcA + dst.b * dstA * (1.0f - srcA)) / outA),
                                                     static_cast<std::uint8_t>(outA * 255)
                                                 );
+                                            } else if constexpr(std::same_as<T, _Float16>) {
+                                                std::uint8_t alpha = bitmap[j * w + i];
+                                                _Float16 srcA = (_Float16(alpha)/_Float16(255.0f))*color.a;
+                                                Vector<_Float16, 4, Alignment> dst = this->buffer[bufferY * this->scaled.size.x + bufferX];
+
+                                                _Float16 outA = srcA + dst.a * (1.0f - srcA);
+                                                this->buffer[bufferY * this->scaled.size.x + bufferX] = Vector<_Float16, 4, Alignment>(
+                                                    (color.r * srcA + dst.r * dst.a * (1.0f - srcA)),
+                                                    (color.g * srcA + dst.g * dst.a * (1.0f - srcA)),
+                                                    (color.b * srcA + dst.b * dst.a * (1.0f - srcA)),
+                                                    outA
+                                                );
+                                            }
                                         }
                                     }
                                 }
@@ -422,8 +437,9 @@ export namespace Crafter {
 
                     x += (int)(ax * scale);
 
-                    if (i + 1 < line.size()) {
-                        x += (int)stbtt_GetGlyphKernAdvance(&font.font, codepoint, line[i+1]);
+                    if (p + 1 < end) {
+                        int next;
+                        x += (int)stbtt_GetGlyphKernAdvance(&font.font, codepoint, utf8_decode(p+1, &next));
                     }
                 }
                 currentY += lineHeight;

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-RenderingElement2DBase.cppm

@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ export namespace Crafter {
         Right
     };
 
+    enum class TextVerticalAlignment {
+        Top,
+        Center,
+        Bottom
+    };
+
     enum class TextOverflowMode {
         Clip,
         Wrap
@@ -42,9 +48,9 @@ export namespace Crafter {
         Buffer
     };
 
-    template<std::uint8_t Alignment = 0>
+    template<typename T, std::uint8_t Alignment = 0>
     struct RenderElement2DScalingOwning {
-        std::vector<Vector<std::uint8_t, 4, Alignment>> scalingBuffer;
+        std::vector<Vector<T, 4, Alignment>> scalingBuffer;
         std::uint32_t bufferWidth;
         std::uint32_t bufferHeight;
         RenderElement2DScalingOwning() = default;
@@ -53,13 +59,13 @@ export namespace Crafter {
         }
     };
 
-    template<std::uint8_t Alignment = 0>
+    template<typename T, std::uint8_t Alignment = 0>
     struct RenderElement2DScalingNonOwning {
-        Vector<std::uint8_t, 4, Alignment>* scalingBuffer;
+        Vector<T, 4, Alignment>* scalingBuffer;
         std::uint32_t bufferWidth;
         std::uint32_t bufferHeight;
         RenderElement2DScalingNonOwning() = default;
-        RenderElement2DScalingNonOwning(Vector<std::uint8_t, 4, Alignment>* scalingBuffer, std::uint32_t bufferWidth, std::uint32_t bufferHeight) : scalingBuffer(scalingBuffer), bufferWidth(bufferWidth), bufferHeight(bufferHeight) {
+        RenderElement2DScalingNonOwning(Vector<T, 4, Alignment>* scalingBuffer, std::uint32_t bufferWidth, std::uint32_t bufferHeight) : scalingBuffer(scalingBuffer), bufferWidth(bufferWidth), bufferHeight(bufferHeight) {
             
         }
     };
@@ -76,13 +82,13 @@ export namespace Crafter {
     struct EmptyScalingBase {};
     struct EmptyRotatingBase {};
 
-    template<bool Scaling, bool Owning, std::uint8_t Alignment = 0>
+    template<typename T, bool Scaling, bool Owning, std::uint8_t Alignment = 0>
     using ScalingBase =
         std::conditional_t<
             Scaling,
             std::conditional_t<Owning,
-                RenderElement2DScalingOwning<Alignment>,
-                RenderElement2DScalingNonOwning<Alignment>>,
+                RenderElement2DScalingOwning<T, Alignment>,
+                RenderElement2DScalingNonOwning<T, Alignment>>,
             EmptyScalingBase
         >;
 
@@ -94,11 +100,11 @@ export namespace Crafter {
             EmptyRotatingBase
         >;
 
-    template<std::uint8_t Frames = 1>
+    template<typename T, std::uint8_t Frames = 1>
     struct RenderingElement2DBase : Transform2D  {
         ScaleData2D oldScale[Frames];
         bool redraw[Frames];
-        std::vector<Vector<std::uint8_t, 4>> buffer;
+        std::vector<Vector<T, 4, 4>> buffer;
         OpaqueType opaque;
         RenderingElement2DBase(Anchor2D anchor) : Transform2D(anchor) {
             for(std::uint8_t i = 0; i < Frames; i++) {
@@ -115,5 +121,16 @@ export namespace Crafter {
                 redraw[i] = true;
             }
         }
+        void CopyNearestNeighbor(Vector<T, 4>* dst, std::uint16_t dstSizeX, std::uint16_t dstScaledSizeX, std::uint16_t dstScaledSizeY, std::uint16_t offsetX, std::uint16_t offsetY) {
+            for (std::uint16_t y = 0; y < dstScaledSizeY; y++) {
+                std::uint16_t srcY = y * scaled.size.y / dstScaledSizeY;
+                std::uint16_t dstY = y + offsetY;
+                for (std::uint16_t x = 0; x < dstScaledSizeX; x++) {
+                    std::uint16_t srcX = x * scaled.size.x / dstScaledSizeX;
+                    std::uint16_t dstX = x + offsetX;
+                    dst[dstY * dstSizeX + dstX] = buffer[srcY * this->scaled.size.x + srcX];
+                }
+            }
+        }
     };
 }

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-RenderingElement2DVulkan.cppm

@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+/*
+Crafter®.Graphics
+Copyright (C) 2026 Catcrafts®
+catcrafts.net
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+License version 3.0 as published by the Free Software Foundation;
+
+This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA
+*/
+
+module;
+#include "../lib/stb_truetype.h"
+#ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_VULKAN
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#endif
+export module Crafter.Graphics:RenderingElement2DVulkan;
+#ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_VULKAN
+import Crafter.Asset;
+import std;
+import :Transform2D;
+import :VulkanBuffer;
+import :Types;
+import :Window;
+import :DescriptorHeapVulkan;
+import :Font;
+
+export namespace Crafter {
+    struct RenderingElement2DVulkanBase : Transform2D {
+        std::uint16_t index;
+        std::uint16_t bufferX;
+        std::uint16_t bufferY;
+        std::array<VulkanBufferBase*, Window::numFrames> buffers;
+        RenderingElement2DVulkanBase(Anchor2D anchor) : Transform2D(anchor) {
+
+        }
+        RenderingElement2DVulkanBase(Anchor2D anchor, std::uint16_t bufferX, std::uint16_t bufferY) : bufferX(bufferX), bufferY(bufferY), Transform2D(anchor) {
+
+        }
+        RenderingElement2DVulkanBase(Anchor2D anchor, std::uint16_t bufferX, std::uint16_t bufferY, std::array<VulkanBufferBase*, Window::numFrames>&& buffers) : bufferX(bufferX), bufferY(bufferY), buffers(std::move(buffers)), Transform2D(anchor) {
+
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<bool Owning, bool Mapped, bool Single = false>
+    struct RenderingElement2DVulkan : RenderingElement2DVulkanBase {
+        RenderingElement2DVulkan(Anchor2D anchor) : RenderingElement2DVulkanBase(anchor) {
+
+        }
+        RenderingElement2DVulkan(Anchor2D anchor, RendertargetBase& target, Transform2D& parent) requires(Owning) : RenderingElement2DVulkanBase(anchor) {
+            GetScale(target, parent);
+            this->bufferX = this->scaled.size.x;
+            this->bufferY = this->scaled.size.y;
+            if(Single) {
+                buffers[0] = new VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>(); 
+                static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>*>(buffers[0])->Create(VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, bufferX * bufferY);
+                for(std::uint8_t i = 1; i < Window::numFrames; i++) {
+                    buffers[i] = buffers[0]; 
+                }
+            } else {
+                for(std::uint8_t i = 0; i < Window::numFrames; i++) {
+                    buffers[i] = new VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>(); 
+                    static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>*>(buffers[i])->Create(VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, bufferX * bufferY);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        RenderingElement2DVulkan(Anchor2D anchor, std::uint16_t bufferX, std::uint16_t bufferY) requires(Owning) : RenderingElement2DVulkanBase(anchor, bufferX, bufferY) {
+            if constexpr(Single) {
+                buffers[0] = new VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>(); 
+                static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>*>(buffers[0])->Create(VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, bufferX * bufferY);
+                for(std::uint8_t i = 1; i < Window::numFrames; i++) {
+                    buffers[i] = buffers[0]; 
+                }
+            } else {
+                for(std::uint8_t i = 0; i < Window::numFrames; i++) {
+                    buffers[i] = new VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>(); 
+                    static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>*>(buffers[i])->Create(VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, bufferX * bufferY);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        RenderingElement2DVulkan(Anchor2D anchor, std::uint16_t bufferX, std::uint16_t bufferY, std::array<VulkanBufferBase*, Window::numFrames>&& buffers) requires(!Owning) : RenderingElement2DVulkanBase(anchor, bufferX, bufferY, std::move(buffers)) {
+
+        }
+
+        RenderingElement2DVulkan(Anchor2D anchor, const std::filesystem::path& assetPath) requires(Owning && Mapped) : RenderingElement2DVulkanBase(anchor) {
+            TextureAssetInfo info = TextureAsset<_Float16>::LoadInfo(assetPath);
+            this->bufferX = info.sizeX;
+            this->bufferY = info.sizeY;
+            if constexpr(Single) {
+                buffers[0] = new VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>(); 
+                static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>*>(buffers[0])->Create(VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, bufferX * bufferY);
+                for(std::uint8_t i = 1; i < Window::numFrames; i++) {
+                    buffers[i] = buffers[0]; 
+                }
+                TextureAsset<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>>::Load(assetPath, static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>*>(buffers[0])->value, this->bufferX, this->bufferY);
+            } else {
+                for(std::uint8_t i = 0; i < Window::numFrames; i++) {
+                    buffers[i] = new VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>(); 
+                    static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>*>(buffers[i])->Create(VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, bufferX * bufferY);
+                }
+                TextureAsset<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>>::Load(assetPath, static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>*>(buffers[0])->value, this->bufferX, this->bufferY);
+                for(std::uint8_t i = 1; i < Window::numFrames; i++) {
+                    std::memcpy(static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>*>(buffers[i])->value, static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>*>(buffers[0])->value, this->bufferX * this->bufferY * sizeof(_Float16));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        ~RenderingElement2DVulkan() {
+            if constexpr(Owning) {
+                if constexpr(Single) {
+                    delete static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>*>(buffers[0]);
+                } else {
+                    for(VulkanBufferBase* buffer : buffers) {
+                        delete static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>*>(buffer);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    
+        RenderingElement2DVulkan(RenderingElement2DVulkan&) = delete;
+        RenderingElement2DVulkan& operator=(RenderingElement2DVulkan&) = delete;
+
+        void CreateBuffer(std::uint16_t bufferX, std::uint16_t bufferY) requires(Owning) {
+            this->bufferX = this->scaled.size.x;
+            this->bufferY = this->scaled.size.y;
+            if constexpr(Single) {
+                buffers[0] = new VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>(); 
+                static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>*>(buffers[0])->Create(VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, bufferX * bufferY);
+                for(std::uint8_t i = 1; i < Window::numFrames; i++) {
+                    buffers[i] = buffers[0]; 
+                }
+            } else {
+                for(std::uint8_t i = 0; i < Window::numFrames; i++) {
+                    buffers[i] = new VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>(); 
+                    static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>*>(buffers[i])->Create(VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, bufferX * bufferY);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        void ResizeBuffer(RendertargetVulkan& window, DescriptorHeapVulkan& descriptorHeap, std::uint16_t bufferOffset, std::uint16_t bufferX, std::uint16_t bufferY) requires(Owning) {
+            if constexpr(Single) {
+                static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>*>(buffers[0])->Resize(VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, bufferX * bufferY);
+            } else {
+                for(VulkanBufferBase* buffer : buffers) {
+                    delete static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, Mapped>*>(buffer)->Resize(VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, bufferX * bufferY);
+                }
+            }
+            this->bufferX = bufferX;
+            this->bufferY = bufferY;
+            for(std::uint8_t frame = 0; frame < Window::numFrames; frame++) {
+                RenderingElement2DVulkanTransformInfo* val = reinterpret_cast<RenderingElement2DVulkanTransformInfo*>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(window.transformBuffer[frame].value) + sizeof(RenderingElement2DVulkanTransformInfo));
+                val[index].bufferX = this->bufferX;
+                val[index].bufferY = this->bufferY;
+                window.transformBuffer[frame].FlushDevice();
+            }
+
+            VkHostAddressRangeEXT ranges[3] = {
+                {
+                    .address = descriptorHeap.resourceHeap[0].value + bufferOffset + Device::descriptorHeapProperties.bufferDescriptorSize * index,
+                    .size = Device::descriptorHeapProperties.bufferDescriptorSize
+                },
+                {
+                    .address = descriptorHeap.resourceHeap[1].value + bufferOffset + Device::descriptorHeapProperties.bufferDescriptorSize * index,
+                    .size = Device::descriptorHeapProperties.bufferDescriptorSize
+                },
+                {
+                    .address = descriptorHeap.resourceHeap[2].value + bufferOffset + Device::descriptorHeapProperties.bufferDescriptorSize * index,
+                    .size = Device::descriptorHeapProperties.bufferDescriptorSize
+                },
+            };
+
+            VkDeviceAddressRangeKHR bufferRanges[3] {
+                {
+                    .address = buffers[0]->address,
+                    .size = buffers[0]->size
+                },
+                {
+                    .address = buffers[1]->address,
+                    .size = buffers[1]->size
+                },
+                {
+                    .address = buffers[2]->address,
+                    .size = buffers[2]->size
+                },
+            };
+
+            VkResourceDescriptorInfoEXT infos[3] = {
+                {
+                    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+                    .type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
+                    .data = { .pAddressRange = &bufferRanges[0]}
+                },
+                {
+                    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+                    .type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
+                    .data = { .pAddressRange = &bufferRanges[1]}
+                },
+                {
+                    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_INFO_EXT,
+                    .type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
+                    .data = { .pAddressRange = &bufferRanges[2]}
+                },
+            };
+
+            Device::vkWriteResourceDescriptorsEXT(Device::device, 3, infos, ranges);
+            for(std::uint8_t i = 0; i < Window::numFrames; i++) {
+                descriptorHeap.resourceHeap[i].FlushDevice();
+            }
+        }
+
+        void UpdatePosition(RendertargetBase& window2, Transform2D& parent) override {
+            RendertargetVulkan& window = static_cast<RendertargetVulkan&>(window2);
+            this->ScaleElement(parent);
+            RenderingElement2DVulkanTransformInfo* val = reinterpret_cast<RenderingElement2DVulkanTransformInfo*>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(window.transformBuffer[window.frame].value) + sizeof(RenderingElement2DVulkanTransformInfo));
+            val[index].scaled =  this->scaled;
+            for(Transform2D* child : this->children) {
+                child->UpdatePosition(window, *this);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void GetScale(RendertargetBase& window, Transform2D& parent) {
+            this->ScaleElement(parent);
+            for(Transform2D* child : this->children) {
+                child->UpdatePosition(window, *this);
+            }
+        }
+
+        int utf8_decode(const char* s, int* bytes_consumed) {
+            unsigned char c = s[0];
+            if (c < 0x80) {
+                *bytes_consumed = 1;
+                return c;
+            } else if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+                *bytes_consumed = 2;
+                return ((c & 0x1F) << 6) | (s[1] & 0x3F);
+            } else if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+                *bytes_consumed = 3;
+                return ((c & 0x0F) << 12) | ((s[1] & 0x3F) << 6) | (s[2] & 0x3F);
+            } else if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+                *bytes_consumed = 4;
+                return ((c & 0x07) << 18) | ((s[1] & 0x3F) << 12) | ((s[2] & 0x3F) << 6) | (s[3] & 0x3F);
+            }
+            *bytes_consumed = 1;
+            return 0xFFFD; // replacement char
+        }
+        
+        void RenderText(std::span<const std::string_view> lines, float size, Vector<_Float16, 4> color, Font& font, TextAlignment alignment = TextAlignment::Left, std::uint32_t offsetX = 0, std::uint32_t offsetY = 0, OpaqueType opaque = OpaqueType::FullyOpaque) requires(Mapped) {     
+            float scale = stbtt_ScaleForPixelHeight(&font.font, size);
+            int baseline = (int)(font.ascent * scale);
+            std::uint32_t lineHeight = (font.ascent - font.descent) * scale;
+            std::uint32_t currentY = baseline;
+            for(std::string_view line : lines) {
+
+                std::uint32_t lineWidth = 0;
+                for (const char c : line) {
+                    int advance, lsb;
+                    stbtt_GetCodepointHMetrics(&font.font, c, &advance, &lsb);
+                    lineWidth += (int)(advance * scale);
+                }
+
+                std::uint32_t x = 0;
+                switch (alignment) {
+                    case TextAlignment::Left:
+                        x = 0;
+                        break;
+                    case TextAlignment::Center:
+                        x = (this->scaled.size.x - lineWidth) / 2;
+                        break;
+                    case TextAlignment::Right:
+                        x = this->scaled.size.x - lineWidth;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                const char* p = line.data();
+                const char* end = p + line.size();
+
+               while (p < end) {
+                    int bytes;
+                    int codepoint = utf8_decode(p, &bytes);
+                    p += bytes;
+                    
+                    int ax;
+                    int lsb;
+                    stbtt_GetCodepointHMetrics(&font.font, codepoint, &ax, &lsb);
+
+                    int c_x1, c_y1, c_x2, c_y2;
+                    stbtt_GetCodepointBitmapBox(&font.font, codepoint, scale, scale, &c_x1, &c_y1, &c_x2, &c_y2);
+
+                    int w = c_x2 - c_x1;
+                    int h = c_y2 - c_y1;
+
+                    std::vector<unsigned char> bitmap(w * h);
+                    stbtt_MakeCodepointBitmap(&font.font, bitmap.data(), w, h, w, scale, scale, codepoint);
+
+                    // Only render characters that fit within the scaled bounds
+                    switch(opaque) {
+                        case OpaqueType::FullyOpaque: {
+                            for (int j = 0; j < h; j++) {
+                                for (int i = 0; i < w; i++) {
+                                    int bufferX = x + i + c_x1 + offsetX;
+                                    int bufferY = currentY + j + c_y1 + offsetY;
+                                    
+                                    if (bufferX >= 0 && bufferX < (int)this->bufferX && bufferY >= 0 && bufferY < (int)this->bufferY) {
+                                        for(std::uint8_t frame = 0; frame < Window::numFrames; frame++) {
+                                            static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, true>*>(buffers[frame])->value[bufferY * this->bufferX + bufferX] = {color.r, color.g, color.b, static_cast<_Float16>(bitmap[j * w + i])};
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case OpaqueType::SemiOpaque:
+                        case OpaqueType::Transparent: {
+                            for (int j = 0; j < h; j++) {
+                                for (int i = 0; i < w; i++) {
+                                    int bufferX = x + i + c_x1 + offsetX;
+                                    int bufferY = currentY + j + c_y1 + offsetY;
+                                    
+                                    if (bufferX >= 0 && bufferX < (int)this->bufferX && bufferY >= 0 && bufferY < (int)this->bufferY) {
+                                        std::uint8_t alpha = bitmap[j * w + i];
+                                        _Float16 srcA = (_Float16(alpha)/_Float16(255.0f))*color.a;
+                                        for(std::uint8_t frame = 0; frame < Window::numFrames; frame++) {
+                                            Vector<_Float16, 4, 4> dst = static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, true>*>(buffers[frame])->value[bufferY * this->bufferX + bufferX];
+
+                                            _Float16 outA = srcA + dst.a * (1.0f - srcA);
+                                            static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, true>*>(buffers[frame])->value[bufferY * this->bufferX + bufferX] = Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>(
+                                                (color.r * srcA + dst.r * dst.a * (1.0f - srcA)),
+                                                (color.g * srcA + dst.g * dst.a * (1.0f - srcA)),
+                                                (color.b * srcA + dst.b * dst.a * (1.0f - srcA)),
+                                                outA
+                                            );
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    x += (int)(ax * scale);
+
+                    if (p + 1 < end) {
+                        int next;
+                        x += (int)stbtt_GetGlyphKernAdvance(&font.font, codepoint, utf8_decode(p+1, &next));
+                    }
+                }
+                currentY += lineHeight;
+            }
+        }
+
+        void RenderText(std::span<const std::string_view> lines, float size, Vector<_Float16, 4> color, Font& font, std::uint8_t frame, TextAlignment alignment = TextAlignment::Left, TextVerticalAlignment verticalAlignment = TextVerticalAlignment::Top, std::int32_t offsetX = 0, std::int32_t offsetY = 0, OpaqueType opaque = OpaqueType::FullyOpaque) requires(Mapped) {     
+            float scale = stbtt_ScaleForPixelHeight(&font.font, size);
+            int baseline = (int)(font.ascent * scale);
+            std::uint32_t lineHeight = (font.ascent - font.descent) * scale;
+            std::uint32_t currentY = baseline;
+
+            std::uint32_t ogOffsetX = offsetX;
+            std::uint32_t ogOffsetY = offsetY;
+
+            for(std::string_view line : lines) {
+                offsetX = ogOffsetX;
+                offsetY = ogOffsetY;
+                
+                std::int32_t lineWidth = 0;
+                for (const char c : line) {
+                    int advance, lsb;
+                    stbtt_GetCodepointHMetrics(&font.font, c, &advance, &lsb);
+                    lineWidth += (int)(advance * scale);
+                }
+
+                switch (alignment) {
+                    case TextAlignment::Left:
+                        break;
+                    case TextAlignment::Center:
+                        offsetX -= lineWidth / 2;
+                        break;
+                    case TextAlignment::Right:
+                        offsetX -= lineWidth;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                switch (verticalAlignment) {
+                    case TextVerticalAlignment::Top:
+                        break;
+                    case TextVerticalAlignment::Center:
+                        offsetY += (lineHeight / 2) - (size);
+                        break;
+                    case TextVerticalAlignment::Bottom:
+                        offsetY += lineHeight;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                const char* p = line.data();
+                const char* end = p + line.size();
+
+               while (p < end) {
+                    int bytes;
+                    int codepoint = utf8_decode(p, &bytes);
+                    p += bytes;
+                    
+                    int ax;
+                    int lsb;
+                    stbtt_GetCodepointHMetrics(&font.font, codepoint, &ax, &lsb);
+
+                    int c_x1, c_y1, c_x2, c_y2;
+                    stbtt_GetCodepointBitmapBox(&font.font, codepoint, scale, scale, &c_x1, &c_y1, &c_x2, &c_y2);
+
+                    int w = c_x2 - c_x1;
+                    int h = c_y2 - c_y1;
+
+                    std::vector<unsigned char> bitmap(w * h);
+                    stbtt_MakeCodepointBitmap(&font.font, bitmap.data(), w, h, w, scale, scale, codepoint);
+
+                    // Only render characters that fit within the scaled bounds
+                    switch(opaque) {
+                        case OpaqueType::FullyOpaque: {
+                            for (int j = 0; j < h; j++) {
+                                for (int i = 0; i < w; i++) {
+                                    int bufferX = offsetX + i + c_x1;
+                                    int bufferY = currentY + j + c_y1 + offsetY;
+                                    
+                                    if (bufferX >= 0 && bufferX < (int)this->bufferX && bufferY >= 0 && bufferY < (int)this->bufferY) {
+                                        static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, true>*>(buffers[frame])->value[bufferY * this->bufferX + bufferX] = {color.r, color.g, color.b, static_cast<_Float16>(bitmap[j * w + i])};
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case OpaqueType::SemiOpaque:
+                        case OpaqueType::Transparent: {
+                            for (int j = 0; j < h; j++) {
+                                for (int i = 0; i < w; i++) {
+                                    int bufferX = offsetX + i + c_x1;
+                                    int bufferY = currentY + j + c_y1 + offsetY;
+                                    
+                                    if (bufferX >= 0 && bufferX < (int)this->bufferX && bufferY >= 0 && bufferY < (int)this->bufferY) {
+                                        std::uint8_t alpha = bitmap[j * w + i];
+                                        _Float16 srcA = (_Float16(alpha)/_Float16(255.0f))*color.a;
+                                        Vector<_Float16, 4, 4> dst = static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, true>*>(buffers[frame])->value[bufferY * this->bufferX + bufferX];
+
+                                        _Float16 outA = srcA + dst.a * (1.0f - srcA);
+                                        static_cast<VulkanBuffer<Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>, true>*>(buffers[frame])->value[bufferY * this->bufferX + bufferX] = Vector<_Float16, 4, 4>(
+                                            (color.r * srcA + dst.r * dst.a * (1.0f - srcA)),
+                                            (color.g * srcA + dst.g * dst.a * (1.0f - srcA)),
+                                            (color.b * srcA + dst.b * dst.a * (1.0f - srcA)),
+                                            outA
+                                        );
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    offsetX += (int)(ax * scale);
+
+                    if (p + 1 < end) {
+                        int next;
+                        offsetX += (int)stbtt_GetGlyphKernAdvance(&font.font, codepoint, utf8_decode(p+1, &next));
+                    }
+                }
+                currentY += lineHeight;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+#endif

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-RenderingElement3D.cppm

@@ -27,20 +27,22 @@ import std;
 import :Mesh;
 import :VulkanBuffer;
 import Crafter.Math;
+import :Window;
 
 export namespace Crafter {
     struct TlasWithBuffer {
-        VulkanBuffer<char, false, true, false> buffer;
+        VkDeviceAddress address;
+        VulkanBuffer<char, false> buffer;
         VkAccelerationStructureKHR accelerationStructure;
-        VulkanBuffer<VkAccelerationStructureInstanceKHR, true, true, false> instanceBuffer;
+        VulkanBuffer<VkAccelerationStructureInstanceKHR, true> instanceBuffer;
     };
 
    class RenderingElement3D {
         public:
         VkAccelerationStructureInstanceKHR instance;
         static std::vector<RenderingElement3D*> elements;
-        inline static VulkanBuffer<char, false, true, false> scratchBuffer;
-        inline static std::vector<TlasWithBuffer> tlases;
+        inline static VulkanBuffer<char, false> scratchBuffer;
+        inline static TlasWithBuffer tlases[Window::numFrames];
         static void BuildTLAS(VkCommandBuffer cmd, std::uint32_t index);
    };
 }

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-Rendertarget.cppm

@@ -16,6 +16,12 @@ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA
 */
+
+module;
+#include "../lib/stb_truetype.h"
+#ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_VULKAN
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#endif
 export module Crafter.Graphics:Rendertarget;
 import Crafter.Math;
 import Crafter.Asset;
@@ -23,18 +29,21 @@ import std;
 import :Types;
 import :Transform2D;
 import :RenderingElement2DBase;
+#ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_VULKAN
+import :Device;
+import :VulkanBuffer;
+#endif
 
 export namespace Crafter {
-    template<std::uint8_t Frames>
     struct RendertargetBase {
         #ifdef CRAFTER_TIMING
         std::vector<std::tuple<const Transform*, std::uint32_t, std::uint32_t, std::chrono::nanoseconds>> renderTimings;
         #endif
         Transform2D transform;
-        std::int32_t sizeX;
-        std::int32_t sizeY;
+        std::uint16_t sizeX;
+        std::uint16_t sizeY;
         RendertargetBase() = default;
-        RendertargetBase(std::int16_t sizeX, std::int16_t sizeY) : sizeX(sizeX), sizeY(sizeY), transform({0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0}){
+        RendertargetBase(std::uint16_t sizeX, std::uint16_t sizeY) : sizeX(sizeX), sizeY(sizeY), transform({0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0}){
             transform.scaled.size.x = sizeX;
             transform.scaled.size.y = sizeY;
             transform.scaled.position.x = 0;
@@ -42,15 +51,42 @@ export namespace Crafter {
         }
     };
     
+    #ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_VULKAN
+    struct RenderingElement2DVulkanBase;
+
+    struct __attribute__((packed)) RenderingElement2DVulkanTransformInfo {
+        ScaleData2D scaled;     // 0 - 8 bytes
+        std::uint16_t bufferX;  // 8 - 2 bytes
+        std::uint16_t bufferY;  // 10 - 2 bytes
+        //12 bytes total;
+    };
+
+
+    struct DescriptorHeapVulkan;
+    struct RendertargetVulkan : RendertargetBase {
+        std::uint8_t frame;
+        std::vector<RenderingElement2DVulkanBase*> elements;
+        VulkanBuffer<RenderingElement2DVulkanTransformInfo, true> transformBuffer[3];
+
+        RendertargetVulkan() = default;
+        RendertargetVulkan(std::uint16_t sizeX, std::uint16_t sizeY);
+        void UpdateElements();
+        void CreateBuffer(std::uint8_t frame);
+        void ReorderBuffer(std::uint8_t frame);
+        void WriteDescriptors(std::span<VkResourceDescriptorInfoEXT> infos, std::span<VkHostAddressRangeEXT> ranges, std::uint16_t start, std::uint32_t bufferOffset, DescriptorHeapVulkan& descriptorHeap);
+        void SetOrderResursive(Transform2D* elementTransform);
+    };
+    #endif
+
     template<typename T, std::uint8_t Channels, std::uint8_t Alignment, std::uint8_t Frames>
-    struct Rendertarget : RendertargetBase<Frames> {
+    struct Rendertarget : RendertargetBase {
         Vector<T, Channels, Alignment>* buffer[Frames];
         Rendertarget() = default;
-        Rendertarget(std::int16_t sizeX, std::int16_t sizeY) : RendertargetBase<Frames>(sizeX, sizeY) {
+        Rendertarget(std::uint16_t sizeX, std::uint16_t sizeY) : RendertargetBase(sizeX, sizeY) {
 
         }
         void RenderElement(Transform2D* elementTransform, std::uint8_t frame, std::vector<ClipRect>&& dirtyRects) {
-            RenderingElement2DBase<Frames>* element = dynamic_cast<RenderingElement2DBase<Frames>*>(elementTransform);
+            RenderingElement2DBase<T, Frames>* element = dynamic_cast<RenderingElement2DBase<T, Frames>*>(elementTransform);
             if(element) {
                 #ifdef CRAFTER_TIMING
                 auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
@@ -61,70 +97,75 @@ export namespace Crafter {
                 }
                 
                 for(ClipRect dirty : dirtyRects) {
-                    dirty.left = std::max(element->scaled.position.x, dirty.left);
-                    dirty.top = std::max(element->scaled.position.y, dirty.top);
-                    dirty.right = std::min(element->scaled.position.x+element->scaled.size.x, dirty.right);
-                    dirty.bottom = std::min(element->scaled.position.y+element->scaled.size.y, dirty.bottom);
+                    dirty.left = std::uint16_t(std::max(element->scaled.position.x, std::int16_t(dirty.left)));
+                    dirty.top = std::uint16_t(std::max(element->scaled.position.y,std::int16_t(dirty.top)));
+                    dirty.right = std::min(std::uint16_t(element->scaled.position.x+element->scaled.size.x), dirty.right);
+                    dirty.bottom = std::min(std::uint16_t(element->scaled.position.y+element->scaled.size.y), dirty.bottom);
 
-                    const Vector<std::uint8_t, 4>* src_buffer = element->buffer.data();
-                    std::int32_t src_width = element->scaled.size.x;
-                    std::int32_t src_height = element->scaled.size.y;
+                    if(dirty.right <= dirty.left || dirty.bottom <= dirty.top) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    const Vector<T, 4, 4>* src_buffer = element->buffer.data();
+                    std::uint16_t src_width = element->scaled.size.x;
+                    std::uint16_t src_height = element->scaled.size.y;
                     
                     switch (element->opaque) {
-                        case OpaqueType::FullyOpaque:
-                            for (std::int32_t y = dirty.top; y < dirty.bottom; y++) {
-                                std::int32_t src_y = y - element->scaled.position.y;
-                                
-                                for (std::int32_t x = dirty.left; x < dirty.right; x++) {
-                                    std::int32_t src_x = x - element->scaled.position.x;
-                                    
-                                    this->buffer[frame][y * this->sizeX + x] = src_buffer[src_y * src_width + src_x];
-                                }
+                        case OpaqueType::FullyOpaque: {
+                           for (std::uint16_t y = dirty.top; y < dirty.bottom; y++) {
+                                std::uint16_t src_y = y - element->scaled.position.y;
+                                std::uint16_t src_x = dirty.left - element->scaled.position.x;
+                                std::memcpy(&this->buffer[frame][y * this->sizeX + dirty.left], &src_buffer[src_y * src_width + src_x], (dirty.right - dirty.left) * sizeof(Vector<T, Channels, Alignment>));
                             }
                             break;
-                            
+                        }
                         case OpaqueType::SemiOpaque:
-                            // For semi-opaque, we can avoid blending when alpha is 0 or 255
-                            for (std::int32_t y = dirty.top; y < dirty.bottom; y++) {
-                                std::int32_t src_y = y - element->scaled.position.y;
-                                
-                                for (std::int32_t x = dirty.left; x < dirty.right; x++) {
-                                    std::int32_t src_x = x - element->scaled.position.x;
-                                    Vector<std::uint8_t, 4> src_pixel = src_buffer[src_y * src_width + src_x];
-                                    
-                                    if (src_pixel.a == 0) {
-                                        continue;
-                                    }
-                                    this->buffer[frame][y * this->sizeX + x] = src_pixel;
-                                }
-                            }
-                            break;
-                            
                         case OpaqueType::Transparent:
-                            // For transparent, always perform blending
-                            for (std::int32_t y = dirty.top; y < dirty.bottom; y++) {
-                                std::int32_t src_y = y - element->scaled.position.y;
-                                for (std::int32_t x = dirty.left; x < dirty.right; x++) {
-                                    std::int32_t src_x = x - element->scaled.position.x;
-                                    Vector<T, Channels, Alignment> src = src_buffer[src_y * src_width + src_x];
-                                    Vector<T, Channels, Alignment> dst = buffer[frame][y * this->sizeX + x];
+                            if constexpr(std::same_as<T, _Float16>) {
+                                for (std::uint16_t y = dirty.top; y < dirty.bottom; y++) {
+                                    std::uint16_t src_y = y - element->scaled.position.y;
+                                    std::uint16_t pixel_width = dirty.right - dirty.left;
 
-                                    if(src.a == 0) {
-                                        continue;
+                                    constexpr std::uint32_t simd_width = VectorF16<1, 1>::MaxElement / 4;
+                                    std::uint32_t rows = pixel_width / simd_width;
+
+                                    for (std::uint32_t x = 0; x < rows; x++) {
+                                        std::uint16_t px = dirty.left + x * simd_width;
+                                        std::uint16_t src_x = px - element->scaled.position.x;
+
+                                        VectorF16<4, simd_width> src(&src_buffer[src_y * src_width + src_x].v[0]);
+                                        VectorF16<4, simd_width> dst(&buffer[frame][y * this->sizeX + px].v[0]);
+                                        VectorF16<4, simd_width> oneMinusSrcA = VectorF16<4, simd_width>(1) - src.Shuffle<{{3, 3, 3, 3}}>();
+                                        VectorF16<4, simd_width> result = VectorF16<4, simd_width>::MulitplyAdd(dst, oneMinusSrcA, src);
+                                        result.Store(&buffer[frame][y * this->sizeX + px].v[0]);
                                     }
 
-                                    float srcA = src.a / 255.0f;
-                                    float dstA = dst.a / 255.0f;
+                                    std::uint32_t remainder = pixel_width - (rows * simd_width);
+                                    std::uint16_t remainder_start = dirty.left + rows * simd_width;
 
-                                    float outA = srcA + dstA * (1.0f - srcA);
-                                    this->buffer[frame][y * this->sizeX + x] = Vector<T, Channels, Alignment>(
-                                        static_cast<T>((src.r * srcA + dst.r * dstA * (1.0f - srcA)) / outA),
-                                        static_cast<T>((src.g * srcA + dst.g * dstA * (1.0f - srcA)) / outA),
-                                        static_cast<T>((src.b * srcA + dst.b * dstA * (1.0f - srcA)) / outA),
-                                        static_cast<T>(outA * 255)
+                                    for (std::uint8_t x = 0; x < remainder; x++) {
+                                        std::uint16_t px = remainder_start + x;
+                                        std::uint16_t src_x = px - element->scaled.position.x;
+
+                                        Vector<T, Channels, Alignment> src = src_buffer[src_y * src_width + src_x];
+                                        Vector<T, Channels, Alignment> dst = buffer[frame][y * this->sizeX + px];
+                                        _Float16 oneMinusSrcA = (_Float16)1.0f - src.a;
+
+                                        buffer[frame][y * this->sizeX + px] = Vector<T, Channels, Alignment>(
+                                            src.r + dst.r * oneMinusSrcA,
+                                            src.g + dst.g * oneMinusSrcA,
+                                            src.b + dst.b * oneMinusSrcA,
+                                            src.a + dst.a * oneMinusSrcA
                                         );
                                     }
                                 }
+                            } else {
+                                for (std::uint16_t y = dirty.top; y < dirty.bottom; y++) {
+                                    std::uint16_t src_y = y - element->scaled.position.y;
+                                    std::uint16_t src_x = dirty.left - element->scaled.position.x;
+                                    std::memcpy(&this->buffer[frame][y * this->sizeX + dirty.left], &src_buffer[src_y * src_width + src_x], (dirty.right - dirty.left) * sizeof(Vector<T, Channels, Alignment>));
+                                }
+                            }
                             break;
                     }
                 }
@@ -140,11 +181,15 @@ export namespace Crafter {
         }
 
         void AddOldRects(Transform2D* elementTransform, std::uint8_t frame, std::vector<ClipRect>& clipRects) {
-            RenderingElement2DBase<Frames>* element = dynamic_cast<RenderingElement2DBase<Frames>*>(elementTransform);
+            RenderingElement2DBase<T, Frames>* element = dynamic_cast<RenderingElement2DBase<T, Frames>*>(elementTransform);
             if(element) {
                 if(element->scaled.position.x != element->oldScale[frame].position.x || element->scaled.position.y != element->oldScale[frame].position.y || element->scaled.size.x != element->oldScale[frame].size.x || element->scaled.size.y != element->oldScale[frame].size.y || element->redraw[frame]) {
-                    clipRects.emplace_back(std::max(element->scaled.position.x, std::int32_t(0)), std::min(element->scaled.position.x + element->scaled.size.x, this->sizeX), std::max(element->scaled.position.y, std::int32_t(0)), std::min(element->scaled.position.y + element->scaled.size.y, this->sizeY));
-                    clipRects.emplace_back(std::max(element->oldScale[frame].position.x, std::int32_t(0)), std::min(element->oldScale[frame].position.x + element->oldScale[frame].size.x, this->sizeX), std::max(element->oldScale[frame].position.y, std::int32_t(0)), std::min(element->oldScale[frame].position.y + element->oldScale[frame].size.y, this->sizeY));
+                    clipRects.emplace_back(std::max(element->scaled.position.x, std::int16_t(0)), std::min(std::int16_t(element->scaled.position.x + element->scaled.size.x), std::int16_t(this->sizeX)), std::max(element->scaled.position.y, std::int16_t(0)), std::min(std::int16_t(element->scaled.position.y + element->scaled.size.y), std::int16_t(this->sizeY)));
+                    clipRects.emplace_back(std::max(element->oldScale[frame].position.x, std::int16_t(0)), std::min(std::int16_t(element->oldScale[frame].position.x + element->oldScale[frame].size.x), std::int16_t(this->sizeX)), std::max(element->oldScale[frame].position.y, std::int16_t(0)), std::min(std::int16_t(element->oldScale[frame].position.y + element->oldScale[frame].size.y), std::int16_t(this->sizeY)));
+                    element->oldScale[frame] = element->scaled;
+                    element->redraw[frame] = false;
+                } else if(element->redraw[frame]) {
+                    clipRects.emplace_back(std::max(element->scaled.position.x, std::int16_t(0)), std::min(std::int16_t(element->scaled.position.x + element->scaled.size.x), std::int16_t(this->sizeX)), std::max(element->scaled.position.y, std::int16_t(0)), std::min(std::int16_t(element->scaled.position.y + element->scaled.size.y), std::int16_t(this->sizeY)));
                     element->oldScale[frame] = element->scaled;
                     element->redraw[frame] = false;
                 }

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-ShaderBindingTableVulkan.cppm

@@ -33,36 +33,13 @@ export namespace Crafter {
     class ShaderBindingTableVulkan {
         public:
 		std::vector<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo> shaderStages;
-        void Init(std::span<VulkanShader> shaders) {
+        void Init(const std::span<const VulkanShader> shaders) {
             shaderStages.reserve(shaders.size());
             for(const VulkanShader& shader: shaders) {
-                shaderStages.emplace_back(VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO, nullptr, 0, shader.stage, shader.shader, shader.entrypoint.c_str(), nullptr);
+                shaderStages.emplace_back(VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO, nullptr, 0, shader.stage, shader.shader, shader.entrypoint.c_str(), shader.specilizationInfo);
             }
         }
     };
-
-    template <typename Shaders>
-    class ShaderBindingTableVulkanConst {
-        public:
-		inline static std::array<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, std::tuple_size_v<Shaders>> shaderStages;
-        static void Init() {
-            AddAllToSBT(std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<Shaders>>{});
-        }
-        private:
-        template<std::size_t index>
-        static void AddToSBT() {
-            shaderStages[index] = {
-                .sType  = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
-                .stage  = std::tuple_element_t<index, Shaders>::_stage,
-                .module = std::tuple_element_t<index, Shaders>::shader,
-                .pName  = std::tuple_element_t<index, Shaders>::_entrypoint.value
-            };
-        }
-        template<std::size_t... Is>
-        static void AddAllToSBT(std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
-            (AddToSBT<Is>(), ...);
-        }   
-    };
 }
 
 #endif

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-ShaderVulkan.cppm

@@ -28,21 +28,14 @@ import :Device;
 import :Types;
 
 export namespace Crafter {
-    template<size_t N>
-    struct StringLiteral {
-        constexpr StringLiteral(const char (&str)[N]) {
-            std::copy_n(str, N, value);
-        }
-        
-        char value[N];
-    };
-
     class VulkanShader {
         public:
+        std::vector<VkSpecializationMapEntry> specilizations;
+        VkSpecializationInfo* specilizationInfo;
         VkShaderStageFlagBits stage;
         std::string entrypoint;
         VkShaderModule shader;
-        VulkanShader(const std::filesystem::path& path, std::string entrypoint, VkShaderStageFlagBits stage) : stage(stage), entrypoint(entrypoint) {
+        VulkanShader(const std::filesystem::path& path, std::string entrypoint, VkShaderStageFlagBits stage, VkSpecializationInfo* specilizationInfo) : stage(stage), entrypoint(entrypoint), specilizationInfo(specilizationInfo) {
             std::ifstream file(path, std::ios::binary);
             if (!file) {
                 std::cerr << "Error: Could not open file " << path << std::endl;
@@ -69,44 +62,6 @@ export namespace Crafter {
             Device::CheckVkResult(vkCreateShaderModule(Device::device, &module_info, nullptr, &shader));
         }
     };
-
-    template <
-        StringLiteral path, 
-        StringLiteral entrypoint, 
-        VkShaderStageFlagBits stage
-    >
-    class VulkanShaderConst {
-    public:
-        constexpr static VkShaderStageFlagBits _stage = stage;
-        constexpr static StringLiteral _entrypoint = entrypoint;
-        inline static VkShaderModule shader;
-        static void CreateShader() {
-            std::ifstream file(path.value, std::ios::binary);
-            if (!file) {
-                std::cerr << "Error: Could not open file " << path.value << std::endl;
-            }
-    
-            // Move to the end of the file to determine its size
-            file.seekg(0, std::ios::end);
-            std::streamsize size = file.tellg();
-            file.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
-    
-            std::vector<std::uint32_t> spirv(size / sizeof(std::uint32_t));
-    
-            // Read the data into the vector
-            if (!file.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(spirv.data()), size)) {
-                std::cerr << "Error: Could not read data from file" << std::endl;
-            }
-    
-            file.close();
-    
-            VkShaderModuleCreateInfo module_info{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO};
-            module_info.codeSize = spirv.size() * sizeof(uint32_t);
-            module_info.pCode    = spirv.data();
-        
-            Device::CheckVkResult(vkCreateShaderModule(Device::device, &module_info, nullptr, &shader));
-        }
-    };
 }
 
 #endif

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-Transform2D.cppm

@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ export namespace Crafter {
         float height;
         float offsetX;
         float offsetY;
-        std::int32_t z;
+        std::uint8_t z;
         bool maintainAspectRatio;
         Anchor2D() = default;
-        Anchor2D(float x, float y, float width, float height, float offsetX, float offsetY, std::int32_t z, bool maintainAspectRatio = false);
+        Anchor2D(float x, float y, float width, float height, float offsetX, float offsetY, std::uint8_t z, bool maintainAspectRatio = false);
     };
 
     struct Transform2D {
@@ -49,14 +49,7 @@ export namespace Crafter {
         Transform2D& operator=(Transform2D&) = delete;
         virtual ~Transform2D() = default;
 
-        virtual void UpdatePosition(RendertargetBase<1>& window, Transform2D& parent) {
-            ScaleElement(parent);
-            for(Transform2D* child : children) {
-                child->UpdatePosition(window, *this);
-            }
-        }
-
-        virtual void UpdatePosition(RendertargetBase<3>& window, Transform2D& parent) {
+        virtual void UpdatePosition(RendertargetBase& window, Transform2D& parent) {
             ScaleElement(parent);
             for(Transform2D* child : children) {
                 child->UpdatePosition(window, *this);
@@ -73,7 +66,6 @@ export namespace Crafter {
                     scaled.size.y = anchor.height * parent.scaled.size.x;
                 }
             } else {
-                
                 scaled.size.x = anchor.width * parent.scaled.size.x;
                 scaled.size.y = anchor.height * parent.scaled.size.y;
             }

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-Types.cppm

@@ -33,15 +33,15 @@ export namespace Crafter {
     };
 
     struct ScaleData2D {
-        Vector<std::int32_t, 2> position;
-        Vector<std::int32_t, 2> size;
+        Vector<std::int16_t, 2, 2> position;
+        Vector<std::int16_t, 2, 2> size;
     };
 
     struct ClipRect {
-        std::int32_t left;
-		std::int32_t right;
-		std::int32_t top;
-		std::int32_t bottom;
+        std::uint16_t left;
+		std::uint16_t right;
+		std::uint16_t top;
+		std::uint16_t bottom;
     };
     
     struct FrameTime {
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export namespace Crafter {
         std::chrono::duration<double> delta;
     };
 
-    enum class CrafterKeys {
+    enum class CrafterKeys : std::uint8_t {
         // Alphabetic keys
         A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M,
         N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z,
@@ -92,6 +92,151 @@ export namespace Crafter {
         CrafterKeysMax
     };
 
+    constexpr std::string CrafterKeyToString(CrafterKeys key) {
+        switch (key) {
+            // Alphabetic keys
+            case CrafterKeys::A: return "A";
+            case CrafterKeys::B: return "B";
+            case CrafterKeys::C: return "C";
+            case CrafterKeys::D: return "D";
+            case CrafterKeys::E: return "E";
+            case CrafterKeys::F: return "F";
+            case CrafterKeys::G: return "G";
+            case CrafterKeys::H: return "H";
+            case CrafterKeys::I: return "I";
+            case CrafterKeys::J: return "J";
+            case CrafterKeys::K: return "K";
+            case CrafterKeys::L: return "L";
+            case CrafterKeys::M: return "M";
+            case CrafterKeys::N: return "N";
+            case CrafterKeys::O: return "O";
+            case CrafterKeys::P: return "P";
+            case CrafterKeys::Q: return "Q";
+            case CrafterKeys::R: return "R";
+            case CrafterKeys::S: return "S";
+            case CrafterKeys::T: return "T";
+            case CrafterKeys::U: return "U";
+            case CrafterKeys::V: return "V";
+            case CrafterKeys::W: return "W";
+            case CrafterKeys::X: return "X";
+            case CrafterKeys::Y: return "Y";
+            case CrafterKeys::Z: return "Z";
+
+            // Numeric keys
+            case CrafterKeys::_0: return "0";
+            case CrafterKeys::_1: return "1";
+            case CrafterKeys::_2: return "2";
+            case CrafterKeys::_3: return "3";
+            case CrafterKeys::_4: return "4";
+            case CrafterKeys::_5: return "5";
+            case CrafterKeys::_6: return "6";
+            case CrafterKeys::_7: return "7";
+            case CrafterKeys::_8: return "8";
+            case CrafterKeys::_9: return "9";
+
+            // Function keys
+            case CrafterKeys::F1:  return "F1";
+            case CrafterKeys::F2:  return "F2";
+            case CrafterKeys::F3:  return "F3";
+            case CrafterKeys::F4:  return "F4";
+            case CrafterKeys::F5:  return "F5";
+            case CrafterKeys::F6:  return "F6";
+            case CrafterKeys::F7:  return "F7";
+            case CrafterKeys::F8:  return "F8";
+            case CrafterKeys::F9:  return "F9";
+            case CrafterKeys::F10: return "F10";
+            case CrafterKeys::F11: return "F11";
+            case CrafterKeys::F12: return "F12";
+
+            // Control keys
+            case CrafterKeys::Escape:     return "Escape";
+            case CrafterKeys::Tab:        return "Tab";
+            case CrafterKeys::Enter:      return "Enter";
+            case CrafterKeys::Space:      return "Space";
+            case CrafterKeys::Backspace:  return "Backspace";
+            case CrafterKeys::Delete:     return "Delete";
+            case CrafterKeys::Insert:     return "Insert";
+            case CrafterKeys::Home:       return "Home";
+            case CrafterKeys::End:        return "End";
+            case CrafterKeys::PageUp:     return "PageUp";
+            case CrafterKeys::PageDown:   return "PageDown";
+            case CrafterKeys::CapsLock:   return "CapsLock";
+            case CrafterKeys::NumLock:    return "NumLock";
+            case CrafterKeys::ScrollLock: return "ScrollLock";
+
+            // Modifier keys
+            case CrafterKeys::LeftShift:  return "LeftShift";
+            case CrafterKeys::RightShift: return "RightShift";
+            case CrafterKeys::LeftCtrl:   return "LeftCtrl";
+            case CrafterKeys::RightCtrl:  return "RightCtrl";
+            case CrafterKeys::LeftAlt:    return "LeftAlt";
+            case CrafterKeys::RightAlt:   return "RightAlt";
+            case CrafterKeys::LeftSuper:  return "LeftSuper";
+            case CrafterKeys::RightSuper: return "RightSuper";
+
+            // Arrow keys
+            case CrafterKeys::Up:    return "Up";
+            case CrafterKeys::Down:  return "Down";
+            case CrafterKeys::Left:  return "Left";
+            case CrafterKeys::Right: return "Right";
+
+            // Keypad keys
+            case CrafterKeys::keypad_0:        return "Keypad0";
+            case CrafterKeys::keypad_1:        return "Keypad1";
+            case CrafterKeys::keypad_2:        return "Keypad2";
+            case CrafterKeys::keypad_3:        return "Keypad3";
+            case CrafterKeys::keypad_4:        return "Keypad4";
+            case CrafterKeys::keypad_5:        return "Keypad5";
+            case CrafterKeys::keypad_6:        return "Keypad6";
+            case CrafterKeys::keypad_7:        return "Keypad7";
+            case CrafterKeys::keypad_8:        return "Keypad8";
+            case CrafterKeys::keypad_9:        return "Keypad9";
+            case CrafterKeys::keypad_enter:    return "KeypadEnter";
+            case CrafterKeys::keypad_plus:     return "KeypadPlus";
+            case CrafterKeys::keypad_minus:    return "KeypadMinus";
+            case CrafterKeys::keypad_multiply: return "KeypadMultiply";
+            case CrafterKeys::keypad_divide:   return "KeypadDivide";
+            case CrafterKeys::keypad_decimal:  return "KeypadDecimal";
+
+            // Punctuation and special keys
+            case CrafterKeys::grave:         return "Grave";
+            case CrafterKeys::minus:         return "Minus";
+            case CrafterKeys::equal:         return "Equal";
+            case CrafterKeys::bracket_left:  return "BracketLeft";
+            case CrafterKeys::bracket_right: return "BracketRight";
+            case CrafterKeys::backslash:     return "Backslash";
+            case CrafterKeys::semicolon:     return "Semicolon";
+            case CrafterKeys::quote:         return "Quote";
+            case CrafterKeys::comma:         return "Comma";
+            case CrafterKeys::period:        return "Period";
+            case CrafterKeys::slash:         return "Slash";
+            case CrafterKeys::print_screen:  return "PrintScreen";
+            case CrafterKeys::pause:         return "Pause";
+            case CrafterKeys::menu:          return "Menu";
+
+            // Additional keys
+            case CrafterKeys::volume_up:          return "VolumeUp";
+            case CrafterKeys::volume_down:        return "VolumeDown";
+            case CrafterKeys::volume_mute:        return "VolumeMute";
+            case CrafterKeys::media_play:         return "MediaPlay";
+            case CrafterKeys::media_stop:         return "MediaStop";
+            case CrafterKeys::media_prev:         return "MediaPrev";
+            case CrafterKeys::media_next:         return "MediaNext";
+            case CrafterKeys::browser_back:       return "BrowserBack";
+            case CrafterKeys::browser_forward:    return "BrowserForward";
+            case CrafterKeys::browser_refresh:    return "BrowserRefresh";
+            case CrafterKeys::browser_stop:       return "BrowserStop";
+            case CrafterKeys::browser_search:     return "BrowserSearch";
+            case CrafterKeys::browser_home:       return "BrowserHome";
+            case CrafterKeys::launch_mail:        return "LaunchMail";
+            case CrafterKeys::launch_calculator:  return "LaunchCalculator";
+            case CrafterKeys::launch_media_player:return "LaunchMediaPlayer";
+
+            case CrafterKeys::CrafterKeysMax: return "Unknown";
+        }
+        return "Unknown";
+    }
+
     template <typename T, typename T2>
     constexpr T AlignUp(T value, T2 alignment) {
         return (value + alignment - 1) & ~(alignment - 1);

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-VulkanBuffer.cppm

@@ -31,24 +31,12 @@ import :Device;
 namespace Crafter {
     export class VulkanBufferBase {
         public:
-        VkDescriptorBufferInfo descriptor;
+        VkDeviceAddress address;
+        std::uint32_t size;
         VkBuffer buffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
         VkDeviceMemory memory;
     };
 
-    export class VulkanBufferAdressable {
-        public:
-        VkDeviceAddress address;
-    };
-    export class VulkanBufferAdressableEmpty {};
-    template<bool Adressable>
-    using VulkanBufferAdressableConditional =
-        std::conditional_t<
-            Adressable,
-            VulkanBufferAdressable,
-            VulkanBufferAdressableEmpty
-        >;
-
     export template<typename T>
     class VulkanBufferMapped {
         public:
@@ -63,33 +51,12 @@ namespace Crafter {
             VulkanBufferMappedEmpty
         >;
 
-
-    export template <typename T, bool Mapped, bool Adressable, bool Staged> requires ((Mapped && !Staged) || (!Mapped && Staged) || (!Mapped && !Staged))
-    class VulkanBuffer;
-
-    export template <typename T>
-    class VulkanBufferStaged {
-        VulkanBuffer<T, true, false, false>* stagingBuffer;
-    };
-    export class VulkanBufferStagedEmpty {};
-    template<typename T, bool Staged>
-    using VulkanBufferStagedConditional =
-        std::conditional_t<
-            Staged,
-            VulkanBufferStaged<T>,
-            VulkanBufferStagedEmpty
-        >;
-
-
-    export template <typename T, bool Mapped, bool Adressable, bool Staged> requires ((Mapped && !Staged) || (!Mapped && Staged) || (!Mapped && !Staged))
-    class VulkanBuffer : public VulkanBufferBase, public VulkanBufferMappedConditional<T, Mapped>, public VulkanBufferAdressableConditional<Adressable>, public VulkanBufferStagedConditional<T, Staged> {
+    export template <typename T, bool Mapped> 
+    class VulkanBuffer : public VulkanBufferBase, public VulkanBufferMappedConditional<T, Mapped> {
     public:
         VulkanBuffer() = default;
         void Create(VkBufferUsageFlags usageFlags, VkMemoryPropertyFlags memoryPropertyFlags, std::uint32_t count) {
-            if constexpr(Staged) {
-                new (&VulkanBufferMappedConditional<T, true>::stagingBuffer) VulkanBuffer<T, true, false, false>();
-                VulkanBufferMappedConditional<T, true>::stagingBuffer->Create(VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT, count);
-            }
+            size = count * sizeof(T);
 
             VkBufferCreateInfo bufferCreateInfo {};
 			bufferCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
@@ -104,30 +71,21 @@ namespace Crafter {
                 .allocationSize = memReqs.size,
                 .memoryTypeIndex = Device::GetMemoryType(memReqs.memoryTypeBits, memoryPropertyFlags)
             };
-            if constexpr(Adressable) {
+
             VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfoKHR allocFlagsInfo {
                 .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_FLAGS_INFO_KHR,
                 .flags = VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT_KHR,
             };
             memAlloc.pNext = &allocFlagsInfo;
             Device::CheckVkResult(vkAllocateMemory(Device::device, &memAlloc, nullptr, &memory));
-            } else {
-                Device::CheckVkResult(vkAllocateMemory(Device::device, &memAlloc, nullptr, &memory));
-            }
-        
-            descriptor.offset = 0;
-            descriptor.buffer = buffer;
-            descriptor.range = VK_WHOLE_SIZE;
         
             Device::CheckVkResult(vkBindBufferMemory(Device::device, buffer, memory, 0));
 
-            if constexpr(Adressable) {
             VkBufferDeviceAddressInfo addressInfo = {
                 .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_INFO,
                 .buffer = buffer
             };
-                VulkanBufferAdressableConditional<true>::address = vkGetBufferDeviceAddress(Device::device, &addressInfo);
-            }
+            address = vkGetBufferDeviceAddress(Device::device, &addressInfo);
 
             if constexpr(Mapped) {
                 Device::CheckVkResult(vkMapMemory(Device::device, memory, 0, memReqs.size, 0, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&(VulkanBufferMappedConditional<T, true>::value))));
@@ -141,9 +99,6 @@ namespace Crafter {
             vkDestroyBuffer(Device::device, buffer, nullptr);
             vkFreeMemory(Device::device, memory, nullptr);
             buffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            if constexpr(Staged) {
-                delete VulkanBufferMappedConditional<T, true>::stagingBuffer;
-            }
         }
 
         void Resize(VkBufferUsageFlags usageFlags, VkMemoryPropertyFlags memoryPropertyFlags, std::uint32_t count) {
@@ -157,7 +112,7 @@ namespace Crafter {
             VkBufferCopy copyRegion = {
                 .srcOffset = 0,
                 .dstOffset = 0,
-                .size = descriptor.range
+                .size = size
             };
 
             vkCmdCopyBuffer(
@@ -238,36 +193,15 @@ namespace Crafter {
             vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges(Device::device, 1, &range);
         }
     
-        void FlushDevice(VkCommandBuffer cmd) requires(Staged) {
-            VulkanBufferStagedConditional<T, true>::stagingBuffer.FlushDevice(VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT);
-            VulkanBufferStagedConditional<T, true>::stagingBuffer.Copy(cmd, this);
-        }
-
-        void FlushDevice(VkCommandBuffer cmd, VkAccessFlags dstAccessMask, VkPipelineStageFlags dstStageMask) requires(Staged) {
-            VulkanBufferStagedConditional<T, true>::stagingBuffer.FlushDevice(VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT);
-            VulkanBufferStagedConditional<T, true>::stagingBuffer.Copy(cmd, this, VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT, dstAccessMask, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, dstStageMask);
-        }
-
-        void FlushHost(VkCommandBuffer cmd) requires(Staged) {
-            Copy(cmd, VulkanBufferStagedConditional<T, true>::stagingBuffer);
-            VulkanBufferStagedConditional<T, true>::stagingBuffer.FlushHost();
-        }
-
-    
         VulkanBuffer(VulkanBuffer&& other) {
-            descriptor = other.descriptor;
             buffer = other.buffer;
             memory = other.memory;
+            size = other.size;
             other.buffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            if constexpr(Adressable) {
-                VulkanBufferAdressableConditional<true>::address = other.VulkanBufferAdressableConditional<true>::address;
-            }
+            address = other.address;
             if constexpr(Mapped) {
                 VulkanBufferMappedConditional<T, true>::value = other.VulkanBufferMappedConditional<T, true>::value;
             }
-            if constexpr(Staged) {
-                VulkanBufferStagedConditional<T, true>::stagingBuffer = other.VulkanBufferStagedConditional<T, true>::stagingBuffer;
-            }
         };
 
         ~VulkanBuffer() {

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-Window.cppm

@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ module;
 #ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_VULKAN
 #include "vulkan/vulkan.h"
 #endif
+#ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_WINDOW_WIN32
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif
 
 export module Crafter.Graphics:Window;
 import std;
@@ -48,9 +51,6 @@ import :Types;
 import :Rendertarget;
 import :Transform2D;
 import Crafter.Event;
-#ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_VULKAN
-import :PipelineRTVulkan;
-#endif
 
 export namespace Crafter {
     #ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_VULKAN
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ export namespace Crafter {
 		// Command buffer submission and execution
 		VkSemaphore renderComplete;
 	};
+    struct PipelineRTVulkan;
+    struct DescriptorHeapVulkan;
     #endif
 
     struct MouseElement;
@@ -80,6 +82,7 @@ export namespace Crafter {
         Event<CrafterKeys> onAnyKeyDown;
         Event<CrafterKeys> onAnyKeyHold;
         Event<CrafterKeys> onAnyKeyUp;
+        Event<const std::string_view> onTextInput;
         Event<void> onMouseRightClick;
         Event<void> onMouseLeftClick;
         Event<void> onMouseRightHold;
@@ -128,6 +131,13 @@ export namespace Crafter {
         void LogTiming();
         #endif
 
+        #ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_WINDOW_WIN32
+        HBITMAP cursorBitmap = nullptr;
+        HCURSOR cursorHandle = nullptr;
+        std::uint16_t cursorSizeX = 0;
+        std::uint16_t cursorSizeY = 0;
+        #endif
+
         #ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_WINDOW_WAYLAND
         float scale;
         #ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_SOFTWARE
@@ -168,17 +178,6 @@ export namespace Crafter {
         #endif
 
         #ifdef CRAFTER_GRAPHICS_RENDERER_VULKAN
-        std::vector<VkDescriptorSet> descriptorsRt;
-        template <typename Pipeline>
-        void SetPipelineRT() {
-            rtPipeline = Pipeline::pipeline;
-            rtPipelineLayout = Pipeline::pipelineLayout;
-            raygenRegion = Pipeline::raygenRegion;
-            missRegion = Pipeline::missRegion;
-            hitRegion = Pipeline::hitRegion;
-            callableRegion = Pipeline::callableRegion;
-        }
-        void SetPipelineRT(PipelineRTVulkan& pipeline);
         VkCommandBuffer StartInit();
         void FinishInit();
         VkCommandBuffer GetCmd();
@@ -190,19 +189,15 @@ export namespace Crafter {
         VkFormat colorFormat;
         VkColorSpaceKHR colorSpace;
         VkImage images[numFrames];
-        VkImageView imageViews[numFrames];
+        VkImageViewCreateInfo imageViews[numFrames];
         std::thread thread;
         VkCommandBuffer drawCmdBuffers[numFrames];
         VkSubmitInfo submitInfo;
         Semaphores semaphores;
         std::uint32_t currentBuffer = 0;
         VkPipelineStageFlags submitPipelineStages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
-        VkPipeline rtPipeline;
-        VkPipelineLayout rtPipelineLayout;
-        VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR raygenRegion;
-        VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR missRegion;
-        VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR hitRegion;
-        VkStridedDeviceAddressRegionKHR callableRegion;
+        PipelineRTVulkan* pipeline;
+        DescriptorHeapVulkan* descriptorHeap;
         #endif
     };
 }

interfaces/Crafter.Graphics.cppm

@@ -38,14 +38,14 @@ export import :ForwardDeclarations;
 export import :Device;
 export import :VulkanTransition;
 export import :VulkanBuffer;
-export import :DescriptorPoolVulkan;
 export import :ShaderVulkan;
 export import :ShaderBindingTableVulkan;
 export import :PipelineRTVulkan;
 export import :RenderingElement3D;
 export import :ImageVulkan;
 export import :SamplerVulkan;
-export import :DescriptorSetLayoutVulkan;
+export import :DescriptorHeapVulkan;
+export import :RenderingElement2DVulkan;
 #endif
 
 // export import :WindowWaylandVulkan;

project.json

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
                 "implementations/Crafter.Graphics-Transform2D", 
                 "implementations/Crafter.Graphics-Device",
                 "implementations/Crafter.Graphics-Mesh", 
-                "implementations/Crafter.Graphics-RenderingElement3D"
+                "implementations/Crafter.Graphics-RenderingElement3D",
+                "implementations/Crafter.Graphics-Rendertarget"
             ],
             "interfaces": [
                 "interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-Window", 
@@ -28,15 +29,15 @@
                 "interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-Mesh", 
                 "interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-VulkanBuffer", 
                 "interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-RenderingElement3D", 
-                "interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-DescriptorPoolVulkan", 
                 "interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-ShaderVulkan", 
                 "interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-PipelineRTVulkan", 
                 "interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-ShaderBindingTableVulkan", 
                 "interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-ImageVulkan", 
                 "interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-SamplerVulkan", 
-                "interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-DescriptorSetLayoutVulkan",
+                "interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-DescriptorHeapVulkan",
                 "interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-Rendertarget",
-                "interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-ForwardDeclarations"
+                "interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-ForwardDeclarations",
+                "interfaces/Crafter.Graphics-RenderingElement2DVulkan" 
             ],
             "type": "library"
         },
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@
         },
         {
             "name": "win32",
-            "libs": ["kernel32", "user32"],
+            "libs": ["kernel32", "user32", "gdi32"],
             "extends": ["base"],
             "defines": [
                 {